江苏滨海盐土脱盐技术及应用前景

2021-01-16 23:07:04孙立才崔士友张蛟翟彩娇
农学学报 2021年1期

孙立才 崔士友 张蛟 翟彩娇

摘要:沿海滩涂是江苏省主要的土地后备资源,滨海盐土的开发、利用和保护已得到各级政府的高度重视。基于盐平衡指数的概念,归纳出滨海盐土的三大脱盐技术,即雨水/微咸水淋洗脱盐技术、阻止毛管水上升减少根区聚盐技术和生物脱盐技术。在具体的滩涂脱盐改土实践中江苏省通过这3种技术的集成,已形成各具特色的滨海滩涂脱盐改土技术体系,包括养鱼改土技术、稻作改土技术、秸秆覆盖旱作改土技术和秸秆覆盖造林改土技术。预计这些技术将对江苏沿海滩涂资源的开发利用提供有效的技术支撑。

关键词:滨海盐土;盐平衡指数;脱盐;秸秆覆盖;江苏

中图分类号:S156.4文献标志码:A论文编号:cjas20190500039

基金项目:国家科技支撑计划“盐碱地水稻高产高效配套栽培技术探究”(2015BAD01B03);江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)“盐碱地水稻机插高产高效栽培技术集成创新与示范”(BE2015337);江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)“高产优质多抗耐盐(碱)水稻新品质选育”(BE2016370)。

Coastal Saline Soil in Jiangsu: Desalting Technologies and Application Prospect

Sun Licai1,2, Cui Shiyou1, Zhang Jiao1, Zhai Caijiao1

(1Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences/ Nantong Public Technology Service Platform of Salt-tolerant Plants, Nantong

226541, Jiangsu, China;2Institute of Geochemical Exploration and Marine Geological Survey, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China)

Abstract: Coastal beach is the main land reserve resource in Jiangsu Province, and the exploitation, utilization and protection of coastal saline soil have been highlighted by governments at all levels. In this paper, three major desalination technologies for coastal saline soil based on the concept of salt balance index were summarized, including leaching by rainwater and brackish water, reducing salt accumulation in root zone by preventing capillary rise of groundwater, and biological desalting technology. In the practice of beach desalting and soil improvement, Jiangsu Province has formed its own technical system of desalination of coastal beach with the integration of the three technologies, including amelioration of saline soil by fish farming in mudflat pond, paddy cultivation by irrigation of brackish water, dry farming with straw mulching, and afforestation under straw mulching. It is expected that these technologies will provide effective technical support for the development and utilization of coastal tidal flat resources in Jiangsu Province.

Keywords: Coastal Saline Soil; Salt Balance Index; Desalination; Straw Mulching; Jiangsu

0引言

江蘇省人多地少,耕地是江苏社会经济可持续发展的重要限制因素。而沿海滩涂总面积高达68.7万hm2,约占全国沿海滩涂总面积的1/4,其中潮上带29.5万hm2,且每年仍以1.9万hm2的速度淤长[1],这是江苏省未来发展的重要后备资源。随着人口增长和国民经济的快速发展,沿海滩涂盐碱地作为江苏省重要的土地后备资源,其开发、利用和保护日益引起人们的高度重视。滩涂开发利用尤其是农业和生态建设的最大限制因素是滩涂土壤的高盐分,因此江苏滨海盐土脱盐技术的研发和推广是沿海滩涂开发利用的重中之重。……

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