啶酰菌胺对向日葵核盘菌生物活性的影响

张海洋 李海燕 孟庆林 何超群 潘文瀚 徐晶宇

摘要：旨在明確新型杀菌剂啶酰菌胺对向日葵核盘菌生物活性的影响，为其推广应用提供科学依据。以向日葵核盘菌菌丝、孢子和菌核为试材，采用生物测定方法测定啶酰菌胺对向日葵核盘菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发及菌核形成的影响。研究结果表明，啶酰菌胺处理后的核盘菌菌丝生长速率受到抑制，其抑制菌丝生长的EC50为0.2152μg/mL。随杀菌剂浓度的升高，核盘菌菌丝生长量明显下降，浓度为16.667μg/mL时，对核盘菌形成菌核数量的抑制率达到84.62%，对核盘菌形成菌核总干重的抑制率达到61.07%。孢子萌发试验结果表明，啶酰菌胺处理后子囊孢子萌发受到抑制，其抑制子囊孢子萌发的EC50为0.056μg/mL。在浓度为0.267μg/mL时，孢子芽管伸长抑制率达到78.15%。啶酰菌胺不仅对核盘菌菌丝生长有抑制作用，还可以降低子囊孢子的侵入、阻止子囊孢子萌发形成的芽管在植物组织的继续侵染，有效降低田间土壤中菌核残留量。对向日葵菌核病的防治前景十分广阔，可以作为田间防治向日葵菌核病的轮换药剂。

关键词：向日葵菌核病；啶酰菌胺；核盘菌；菌丝生长；孢子萌发

中图分类号：S435.655文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas20191000226

基金项目：国家特色油料产业技术体系“细菌病害防控”（CARS-14-1-20）。

Effect of Biological Activity of Boscalid on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of Sunflower Zhang Haiyang1， Li Haiyan1， Meng Qinglin2， He Chaoqun3， Pan Wenhan1， Xu Jingyu1

（1College of Agriculture， Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University， Daqing 163319， Heilongjiang， China；

2Institute of Plant Protection， Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Harbin 150000， Heilongjiang， China； 3Heilongjiang Furui Seed Industry Co.， Ltd.， Harbin 150000， Heilongjiang， China）

Abstract： The aims are to clarify the effect of the new fungicide boscalid on the biological activity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum， and provide a scientific basis for its promotion and application. In this research， we used the hyphae， spores and sclerotia as test samples. Bioassay method was used to confirm the effect of boscalid on mycelial growth， spore germination and sclerotia formation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The results showed that the mycelial growth rate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum treated with boscalid was inhibited； the EC50 was 0.2152μg/mL. With the increase of germicide concentration， the mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum decreased significantly. When the concentration was 16.667μg/mL， the inhibition rate of sclerotia formation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum reached 84.62%， and the inhibition rate of total dry weight of sclerotia formation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum reached 61.07%. The result of spore germination test showed that the germination of ascospores was inhibited after being treated with boscalid， and the EC50 was 0.056μg/mL. The inhibition rate of spore germ tube elongation reached 78.15% at the concentration of 0.267μg/mL. The boscalid not only inhibits the mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum， but also reduces the invasion of ascospores， and prevents the germ cells formed by the germination of ascospores from infecting the plant tissues continuously， which effectively reduces the residual amount of sclerotia in field soil. It has a very broad prospect for the prevention and treatment of sunflower sclerotinia， and can be used as a rotation agent for controlling sunflower sclerotinia in field.

Keywords： Sclerotinia Rot of Sunflower； Boscalid； Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum； Hyphal Growth； Spore Germination

0引言

向日葵是一种菊科向日葵属一年生高大草本植物，是世界四大油料作物之一[1]，具有良好的耐旱与耐盐碱性，广泛分布于中国的东北、西北和华北等地区[2]。向日葵是中国重要的经济作物，近年来，由于种植业结构的调整和食品加工业需求增加，向日葵种植面积不断扩大，表现出良好的发展形势[3]。……