喂食桑叶粉对黄粉虫生长发育情况的影响

张丽丽 章玉萍 范涛 陈明

摘要：为了降低饲养黄粉蟲经济成本，提高桑叶利用率，以不同比例的桑叶粉添加入黄粉虫饲料，探讨桑叶粉添加对黄粉虫幼虫生长发育及体内粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分等的影响。饲料中桑叶粉添加量小于25%时，可促进黄粉虫幼虫体重增长和缩短幼虫生长周期，桑叶粉添加量超过25%会抑制其生长发育。其中，添加7.5%比例桑叶粉可显著提高黄粉虫幼虫体重和粗蛋白含量，降低其体内粗脂肪的含量。饲料中添加桑叶粉不影响黄粉虫幼虫水分含量。适量添加桑叶粉能促进黄粉虫幼虫生长发育、粗蛋白的积累，但不利于体内粗脂肪的积累。

关键词：黄粉虫；桑叶粉；饲料；生长发育；人工饲养

中图分类号：S3文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas20191200301

Feeding Mulberry Leaf Powder to Tenebrio molito： Effect on Growth and Development

Zhang Lili， Zhang Yuping， Fan Tao， Chen Ming

（The Sericultural Research Institute， Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science， Hefei 230061， Anhui， China）

Abstract： To reduce the economic cost of feeding Tenebrio molitor and improve the utilization of mulberry leaf， different proportions of mulberry leaf powder were added into the feed of Tenebrio molitor， the effects of adding mulberry leaf powder on the growth and development of Tenebrio molitor larvae， and the contents of crude protein， crude fat and water were studied. When the adding proportion was less than 25%， it promoted the weight increasing of Tenebrio molitor larvae and shortened the growth cycle. While when the adding proportion was more than 25%， it inhibited growth and development of Tenebrio molitor larvae. The feeding proportion of mulberry leaf powder of 7.5% increased the weight and crude protein content of Tenebrio molitor larvae significantly， and decreased the content of crude fat. The addition of mulberry leaf powder in the feed did not affect the water content of Tenebrio molitor larvae. Taken together， adding appropriate mulberry leaf powder can improve the growth and development of Tenebrio molitor larvae， and the accumulation of the crude protein， but it is not beneficial to the accumulation of crude fat in Tenebrio molitor larvae.

Keywords： Tenebrio molitor； Mulberry Leaf Powder； Feed； Growth and Development； Artificial Feeding

0引言

黄粉虫（Tenebrio molitor），又叫面包虫，属鞘翅目，拟步甲科，粉甲虫属。原产北美洲，中国自20世纪50年代从苏联引进。黄粉虫含有多达48%～55%的粗蛋白，含有动物生长所必需的18种氨基酸，每100 g黄粉虫粉氨基酸含量高达947.91μg[1]。黄粉虫的脂肪含量也较高，可达30%，并且不饱和脂肪酸占比可达72.73%。黄粉虫生命力顽强，病害抵抗能力强，生性食杂，容易饲养，被誉为“蛋白质饲料宝库”，可用于饲养名贵珍禽、水产动物等[2]。用黄粉虫作饲料喂养的蝎子、蜈蚣、热带鱼等，不仅生长快、成活率高，而且抗病力强，繁殖力也大大提高[3-4]；用黄粉虫作为一般畜禽的饲料添加剂应用，可以提高产品产量和质量，能有效降低饲料成本、提高经济效益[5-7]。随着国内外对黄粉虫幼虫的生物学特性等进行了完善的研究，还含有几丁质、抗菌肽、凝集素等多种功能活性物质，可改善记忆能力、抗疲劳、延缓衰老等多种功能[8-10]。……