院前意外伤害的分布分析与对策

杨旸

[摘要] 目的 了解院前意外伤害分布情况，完善院前意外伤害急救绿色通道体系，保证意外伤害患者得到及时快速有效的治疗和转运，保证医疗质量，减少医疗纠纷。 方法 回顾统计2019年1月1日—12月31日北京急救中心院前急诊病例，统计病种分布、意外伤害分布情况，并对意外伤害分布情况进行回顾性分析总结。结果 2019年急救中心院前急诊共480 634例，意外伤害排名第一位共132 390例，意外伤害分布前3位的是损伤占意外伤害的61.21%，交通意外占意外伤害的23.84%，中毒占意外伤害的14.32%。 结论 了解院前意外伤害分布情况，根据意外伤害分布特点，制订有针对性的急救培训课程，加强院前意外伤害急救技能培训，完善意外伤害救治流程，合理配置急救力量，合理安排急救资源，保证医疗安全。

[关键词] 院前急救;意外伤害;分布分析;对策

[中图分类号] R459.7          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）34-0092-05

[Abstract] Objective To understand the distribution of pre-hospital accidental injuries， so as to improve the emergency green channel system for pre-hospital accidental injuries， ensure that patients with accidental injuries receive timely， rapid and effective treatment and transfer， guarantee medical quality and reduce medical disputes. Methods The pre-hospital emergency cases in Beijing Emergency Medical Center from January 1，2019 to December 31，2019 were retrospectively counted， including the distribution of disease types and the distribution of accidental injuries. In addition， the distribution of accidental injuries was retrospectively analyzed and summarized. Results In 2019， there were 480 634 pre-hospital emergency cases in the emergency center， and the accidental injury ranked first （132 390 cases）. Injury， traffic accident and poisoning ranked the top 3 of accidental injuries， accounting for 61.21%， 23.84%， and 14.32%， respectively. Conclusion It is necessary to set targeted emergency training courses and strengthen pre-hospital emergency skills training on accidental injuries on the basis of understanding the distribution of pre-hospital accidental injuries and its distribution characteristics. Meanwhile， it is also advisable to improve the treatment process for accidental injuries， rationally allocate emergency forces as well as reasonably arrange emergency resources， so as to guarantee medical safety.

[Key words] Pre-hospital first aid; Accidental injury; Distribution analysis; Countermeasures

意外傷害是指外来的、突发的、非本意的、非疾病的使身体受到伤害的客观事件[1]。包含创伤、跌伤、车祸、中毒、烫烧伤、切割伤、溺水、动物咬伤、异物窒息等。创伤死亡率在美国等发达国家仅次于心脑血管疾病和恶性肿瘤[2]。院前急救是创伤、跌伤、车祸、中毒等意外伤害救治的重要环节。挽救患者生命和维持其生命体征平稳，尽早安全到达医院，使其有机会获得进一步抢救是院前急救的基本任务[3]，是患者生命的保障。本研究对2019年北京急救中心院前急诊病例进行回顾性调查分析，了解意外伤害状况分布，完……