主题语境十八：自然

四川双流中学 蒋建平（特级教师）

感知·素养解读

在人类活动中，热爱大自然、探索自然界的奥秘、保护大自然等都是我们永恒的主题，而学会了珍爱自然，也就学会了珍爱我们人类自己。 “自然”主题包括人与自然的和谐相处、人在自然界的生存、动植物保护、生态保护、自然灾害以及环境污染和保护等方面。

“自然”主题的写作通常有小说、科普文章、说明文、议论文和应用文等写作形式，常用时态包括现在时、过去时与将来时等。 写作中常用被动语态和虚拟语气。

关于“自然”主题的写作常有以下几个命题角度：

1. 介绍某地特殊自然现象；

2. 人与自然和谐相处话题；

3. 介绍飓风的基本知识；

4. 介绍台风的基本知识；

5. 描述某一濒危动物的现状及呼吁人们关注；

6. 全球变暖问题；

7. 介绍某次大地震的破坏、影响等；

8. 介绍某次水灾的破坏、影响等。

探究·语库构建

语境串记

Cool koalas

When you think of a cute, furry wild animal, you often picture a koala. These adorable creatures appear docile and friendly, so it's no wonder people are concerned about the future of the species after the devastating bushfires that destroyed parts of Australia earlier this year. 1._______（lucky）, many survived, which gives us a chance to continue to learn more about these marsupials.

Australia's native and unique wildlife such as kangaroos, platypus and koalas, are 2.______constant threat from human activity and natural disasters. It's thought at least a billion animals lost their lives as a result of this year's bushfires. Recently, drones and thermal imaging technology 3.________（use） to track their movements to help them keep safe. Protecting these unique species is important because it is estimated that there are now possibly as few as 43,000 koalas in the wild.

So, what is so special about koalas and what makes them so “cool”? Maybe we envy their ability 4.________（sleep） for up to 22 hours a day! Or it could be their laid-back appearance due to the fact 5.______they are herbivores and mainly feed on juicy eucalyptus leaves, which take a lot of time and energy to digest.

What is amazing is that they often live in a dry and hot environment, and drink very little water.So, how do they survive? Well, scientists have discovered that these wild mammals lick 6.________（run） water off the smooth surface of a tree trunk when it is raining. This phenomenon is called “stemflow”. Behavioural 7.______（observation） in the wild are very important to establish what is normal and what is unusual, and to 8.________（true） understand what animals need. If we watch them carefully, they will tell us.

So, 9._______the word “koala” meaning “no drink” or “no water” in the Aboriginal language, it seems that even these 10.________（sleep） creatures do need a drink sometimes. And if we're to encourage them to flourish, we need to conserve their habitat.

萌酷的树袋熊

当你想到一只可爱的、毛茸茸的野生动物时，你常常会想到一只树袋熊。 这些可爱的动物看起来温顺、友好，因此今年早些时候，毁灭性森林大火摧毁了澳大利亚部分地区后，人们会担心这个物种的未来。 幸运的是，许多有袋类动物幸存了下来，这给了我们一个继续了解这些有袋类动物的机会。

澳大利亚本土独特的野生动物，如袋鼠、鸭嘴兽和树袋熊，不断受到人类活动和自然灾害的威胁。 据估计，在今年的森林大火中，至少有10亿只动物丧生。 最近，无人机和热成像技术被用来跟踪它们的行动，以帮助它们保持安全。……