“一户一田”会影响小麦生产成本吗？——基于山东省506个农户的实证分析

张成鹏，康宽，张雅欣，郭沛

摘要：基于山东省506个农户微观调查数据，结合规模经济理论，构建半对数模型研究“一户一田”对小麦生产成本的影响。结果表明：（1）“一户一田”与小麦生产成本之间呈现显著负相关，即实施“一户一田”能够显著降低小麦生产成本。（2）实施“一户一田”主要降低小麦生产人工成本和机械成本，而对土地成本和农资成本无显著影响，且不同地区对小麦生产成本影响存在差异。（3）在选用村干部任职年限作为“一户一田”的工具变量和进一步筛选样本后实证结果保持稳健。基于上述研究结果，从土地制度改革方面提出了政策建议。

关键词：农地细碎化;“一户一田”;土地调整;生产成本

中图分类号：F301.2文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-4440（2021）06-1592-09

Does "one household one plot" affect the wheat production costs？——Empirical analysis based on 506 farmers in Shandong province

ZHANG Cheng-peng1，KANG Kuan1，ZHANG Ya-xin2，GUO Pei1

（1.College of Economics and Management， China Agricultural University， Beijing 100083， China;2.School of Accounting， Nanjing University of Finance & Economics， Nanjing 210023， China）

Abstract：Based on the survey data of 506 farmers in Shandong province， the economics of scale theory and semi-logarithmic model were used to explore the impact of the "one household one plot" on wheat production cost. The results show that： "one household one plot" had significant negative effects on the wheat production cost. The implementation of "one household one plot" mainly reduced the labor cost and machinery cost in wheat production， but had no significant impact on the land cost and the cost of agricultural materials. Moreover， the impact was different in different regions. After selecting the tenure of village cadres as instrumental variable and futher screening samples， the empirical results remained robust. Based on the above research results， some policy suggestions were put forward from the aspect of land system reform.

Key words：farmland fragmentation;one household one plot;land adjustment;production costs

始于20世紀80年代初的家庭联产承包责任制，按农户人口平均分配耕地，极大地调动了农民生产积极性，释放了农村土地制度改革红利，推动了农业生产力的发展，但也造成了农地细碎化问题，即单个农户拥有多块土地，大多面积较小且彼此互不相连[1]。农地细碎化会增加农业生产成本[2]、降低经营效率[3]、减少农户收入[4]。各地通常利用土地流转和土地整治化解农地细碎化问题，但均有一定局限性[5]。

为更好地治理农地细碎化，提高粮食生产效率，安徽省怀远县和蒙城县[6]、陕西省榆阳区[7]、河南省民权县[8]、广西壮族自治区龙州县[9]、湖北省沙洋县[9-11]、广东省清远市[12]等一些村组借助土地确权登记颁证和当地农地大调整契机，通过实施“一户一田”一定程度上治理了农地细碎化问题。……