小麦冬春性鉴定方法及评价指标研究

孙军伟 杨子光 孟丽梅 张珂

摘要：本研究旨在探索并驗证科学、直观、适用的小麦冬春性鉴定方法与评价指标，更好地指导小麦科学定性，合理用种。以59份小麦品种为试验材料，通过2008—2013年度的连续大田春播试验以及人工模拟低温春化处理试验，研究了小麦品种冬春性的基因型间差异，对春播抽穗率、苗穗期、抽穗所需低温春化天数、苗期生长习性、成熟情况等指标进行了比较分析。春播二期条件下，冬性类品种的抽穗率均小于30%，均表现为未成熟；而春性类品种的抽穗率均大于30%，成熟情况表现为基本成熟和完全成熟。以抽穗率为主要分类指标，用最短距离法进行聚类分析，参试品种可分为两大类别。春播一期条件下，冬春性类不同类型品种抽穗率分为4个范围，以抽穗率为主要分级依据可把冬性类品种进一步分级。春播三期条件下，以抽穗率为主要依据，同时参考苗穗期和成熟情况可把春性类品种进一步分级。春播抽穗率是评价小麦品种冬春性的主要依据指标，苗穗期、抽穗所需低温春化天数可作为评价小麦春性的次级指标，苗期生长习性、品种成熟情况可作为评价小麦冬春性的参考指标。

关键词：小麦；冬春性；田间春播鉴定法；人工低温春化鉴定法；评价指标

中图分类号：S311文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas20200300057

Winter-spring Characteristics of Wheat： Identification Method and Evaluation Index

Sun Junwei， Yang Ziguang， Meng Limei， Zhang Ke

（Luoyang Agricutural and Forstry Science， Luoyang 471023， Henan， China）

Abstract： The purpose is to explore and verify the scientific， intuitive and applicable methods and evaluation indexes for winter- spring wheat identification， and to guide the scientific determination of wheat and the rational use of seed in the future. Using 59 wheat varieties as test materials， spring sowing test and artificial vernalization test were conducted from 2008 to 2013， genotypes of wheat varieties in winter and spring were studied， the heading rate of spring sowing， seedling-heading period， vernalization time for heading， growth habit and maturity were analyzed. Under the second stage of spring sowing， the spring sowing heading percentage of winter varieties was less than 30%， all of them were immature， but the spring sowing heading percentage of spring varieties was more than 30%， they were of basic maturity and maturity. Taking the spring sowing heading percentage as the main classification index and the shortest distance method was used for cluster analysis， wheat varieties could be divided into two categories. The tassel rates of winter and spring varieties could be divided into four ranges under the first stage of spring sowing. Winter varieties could be further classified based on the heading rate. The spring varieties could be further classified according to the heading rate and the seedling ear stage and maturity under the third stage of spring sowing. The spring sowing heading percentage was the main index to evaluate winterness and springiness of wheat varieties， the seedlingheading period and the number of days of low temperature vernalization required for heading could be used as secondary indexes. Growth habit and variety maturity at seedling stage could be used as reference indexes.

Keywords： Wheat； Winter-spring Characteristics； Spring Sowing Identification Method； Artificial Vernalization Method；EvaluationIndex

0引言

小麦是世界上第二大粮食作物。在中国，小麦仅次于水稻、玉米，其种植面积和总产分别占粮食作物的25.83%和21.6%。小麦产量对稳定国内粮食供给，保障粮食安全具有至关重要的作用[1]。……