家长参与式护理在支气管肺发育不良早产儿中的应用效果观察

王丽丽 涂满梅 陈文娟 江协文 李翠

[摘要] 目的 探討不同的护理模式在支气管肺发育不良早产儿中的应用效果。 方法 选取2017年7月至2020年7月某三级甲等医院早产儿病房收治的BPD早产儿及其家长为研究对象。按照入院的先后顺序，将2017年7月至2019年1月符合入组标准的BPD早产儿40例设为对照组，2019年2月至2020年7月符合入组标准的BPD早产儿40例设为观察组，对照组采用常规护理，而观察组采用家长参与式护理。比较干预后两组患儿不同时间段的体重达标率及随访率、采用GAD-7中文版焦虑自评量表评估两组患儿家属出院前1 d的焦虑状况。 结果 出院前1 d观察组的家属焦虑评分为（16.52±1.36）分，低于对照组的（19.13±1.33）分，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组患儿出院后3个月的随访率及体重达标率分别为95.00%和85.00%，对照组患儿随访率及体重达标率分别为70.00%和52.50%，观察组明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 家长参与式护理能明显促进患儿的体重增长，提高随访依从性，降低患儿家属的焦虑等不良情绪。

[关键词] 家长参与式;早产儿;支气管肺发育不良;护理

[中图分类号] R473          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）36-0168-04

Effect of parent-participatory nursing in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

WANG Lili   TU Manmei   CHEN Wenjuan   JIANG Xiewen   LI Cui

Premature Infant Ward， Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital， Nanchang   330006， China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of different nursing models in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Methods Premature infants with BPD who were admitted to the premature infant ward of a tertiary A hospital from July 2017 to July 2020 and their parents were included. According to the order of admission， 40 premature infants with BPD who met the inclusion criteria from July 2017 to January 2019 were selected as the control group， and 40 premature infants with BPD who met the inclusion criteria from February 2019 to July 2020 were selected as the observation group. The control group were given routine nursing， and the observation group were given parent-participatory nursing. After intervention， the weights of infants at different time periods and follow-up rate were compared between the two groups. The GAD-7 Chinese version of the anxiety self-rating scale was used to assess the anxiety of the family members of the two groups at 1 day before discharge. Results At 1 day before discharge， the family anxiety score in the observation group was （16.52±1.36）points， which was lower than that in the control group （19.13±1.33）points， with statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. The follow-up rate at 3 months after discharge and weight compliance rate in the observation group were 95.00% and 85.00%， respectively. The follow-up rate at 3 months after discharge and weight compliance rate in the control group were 70.00% and 52.50%， respectively. The follow-up rate at 3 months after discharge and weight compliance rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group， with statistically significant differences （P<0.05）. Conclusion Parent-participatory nursing can significantly increase the weight of infants， improve the follow-up compliance， and reduce the anxiety and other negative emotions of family members.

[Key words] Parent-participatory; Premature infants; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Nursing

支气管肺发育不良（Bronchopulmonary dysplasia，BPD）又称新生儿慢性肺疾病，是指任何氧依赖（FiO2>21%）超过28 d的新生儿，该病多发生在早产儿，早产儿是指胎龄<37 周，体重<2500 g，身长<47 cm 的新生儿[1]，体重越低、胎龄越小发病率越高，胎龄每小1周，BPD发生率就会增加2～3倍[2]。大多数早产儿出生后立即被送到新生儿重症监护室（NICU）[3]，在我国大部分NICU仍实行封闭式管理，家长很少有机会接触到患儿，缺少专业的护理知识和实践技能，尤其是面对护理问题较多的合并BPD的早产儿。……