基于复杂性范式的竞技能力生成性考察

刘宁 杨成波

摘要：采用文献、逻辑法等研究方法，提出“竞技能力的生成性”命题，力图诠释竞技能力的生成性内涵及其规则、网络等相关理论问题，深度阐释竞技能力生成性的逻辑和理论分析的框架，以期为竞技能力复杂性研究提供参考。研究认为：依据“构成论”建立的竞技能力概念体系提供了“自上而下”思考的分析方法，明确了竞技能力结构稳定性、可分解性和非时间性三个特征。同时失去了“历史性积累效应”和“微—宏观涌现效应”。霍兰的“受限生成过程”反映了在一定环境约束条件下，主体发展和进化的一般规律，可作为竞技能力生成的理论分析框架。竞技能力提高过程就是微-宏观效应过程，也是组分（子能力或要素）非线性相互作用的过程。受限生成过程涌现的复杂性、规则性、大于部分之和、层次性和积累性等基本特征可作为竞技能力提高的内在规矩。复杂网络表达方式可以揭示高水平运动员竞技能力生成涌现结构的时空排列、组合方式等。

关键词：竞技能力;生成性;复杂性;范式

中图分类号：G808.1文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-2076（2021）03-0083-07

Investigation on the generative of competitive ability based on the complexity paradigm

LIU Ning1， YANG Chengbo2

1.Beijing Sport University， Beijing 100084， China;2.Chengdu Sport University， Chengdu 610041， Sichuan， China

Abstract：With the methods of literature， logic， and the complex scientific research， this paper put forward the proposition of "the generation of competitive ability"， aiming at interpreting the generative meaning， rule， and the network of the competitive ability， explaining the logic of competitive ability generation， and building a theoretical analysis framework of the theory of complexity exploration， so as to provide a new analysis dimension for the research of competitive ability. According to the research， the theory of competitive ability based on the theory of constitution provides an analytical method of "top-down" thinking， and clarifies the three characteristics of competitive ability： structural stability， decomposability and non-temporal. At the same time， and it lost the "historical accumulation effect" and "micro-macro emergence effect". Holland's "restricted generation process" reflects the general rules of subject development and evolution under certain environmental constraints， and it can be used as a theoretical analysis framework for the generation of competitive ability. The process of improving competitive ability is micro-macro effect， that is， the nonlinear interaction of components （sub-abilities or elements）. The complexity， regularity， greater than the sum of the parts， hierarchy and accumulation of the limited generation process can be regarded as the internal rules for the improvement of competitive ability. The expression of complex network can reveal the spatial and temporal arrangement and combination of emergence structure generated by high-level competitive ability.

Key words：competitive ability; generative; complexity; paradigm

競技能力是训练理论核心概念之一。以哲学的观点“构成论”为基石构建的竞技能力概念体系在描述或解释当代高水平运动员竞技能力训练过程中出现的“生成”现象诸如涌现性、非线性、演化性、复杂性等时遭遇到困难。其缘由可能是：（1）方法论上，忽视哲学看待“整体”除了“构成论”（构成性整体）路径之外，还有另外一条路径即“生成论”（生成性整体）研究。……