规训的现代性：福柯哲学视域中的学校体育思想意义

摘要：福柯對权力的考古学和谱系学考察把规训和现代性联系起来。采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法，探讨福柯哲学中规训权力和现代性关系的学校体育思想意义。研究认为，马克思发现的“社会权力”是福柯对“身体”“规训权力”与“理性”考察的理论源起之一，通过考察权力的微观机制，福柯发现现代性的规训性特质是身体规训发生的一个重要前提。受其启示，可从现代性起源、发作、结果和延续方面来思考学校体育与现代性的关系。思考本身无法改变学校体育的权力谱系，但可以通过思想来批判性认识学校体育权力谱系的边疆。用一种哲学批判来调整现代性的话语，通过改变现代性的向度，来启发体育教师通过体育教学的介入性实践，改变体育课堂教学中的权力关系。研究提出，学校体育实践逻辑的单向度，造成了现代性对学校体育的宰制;学校体育中主体的焦虑与动荡，是现代性对学校体育造成的一种侵扰;学校体育观的建构对非理性要素的遮蔽，使现代性对学校体育的宰制得以稳固。学校体育消解现代性的宰制，需筑建学校体育的标准化与人的伦理逻辑的联系，凝聚体育多向度的理性意蕴，渗透学校体育对人主体世界的建构。

关键词：学校体育思想;福柯哲学;身体规训;现代性;自我技术

中图分类号：G80-051文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-2076（2021）03-0090-07

Modernity ofdiscipline：Significance of school physical education from the perspective of Foucault's philosophy

WANG Tao

School of Physical Education， Zhengzhou University， Henan， Zhengzhou 450001，China

Abstract：Foucault's archaeological and genealogical investigation of power links discipline with modernity. With the methods of literature review and logical analysis， this paper discusses the significance of the relationship between discipline power and modernity in Foucault's philosophy. It is believed that "social power" discovered by Marx is one of the theoretical sources of Foucault's investigation of "body"， "disciplinatory power" and "rationality". By examining the micro mechanism of power， Foucault finds that the disciplinatory characteristics of modernity is an important premise for the occurrence of physical discipline. Inspired by it， the relationship between school physical education and modernity can be considered from the aspects of origin， onset， outcome and continuation of modernity. Thinking itself cannot change the power pedigree of school sports， but we can critically understand the frontier of the power pedigree of school sports through thinking. With a kind of philosophical criticism， we can adjust the discourse of modernity by changing the dimension of modernity， to inspire physical education teachers to change the power relations in PE classroom teaching through the intervention practice of PE teaching. The research puts forward that the unidirectional logic of school physical education practice leads to the domination of modernity on school physical education. The anxiety and turbulence of the subject in school physical education is a kind of intrusion caused by modernity to school physical education. The construction of the view of school physical education covers the non-rational elements and makes the domination of modernity on school physical education stable. In order to eliminate the domination of modernity in school physical education， it is necessary to build the connection between the standardization of school physical education and the ethical logic of human beings， condense the rational implication of multi-dimension of physical education， and penetrate the construction of the world of human beings by school physical education.

Key words：school physical education thought; Foucault's philosophy; physical discipline; modernity; self technology

20世纪末，现代社会向后工业社会的转型使现代性成为批判和反思现代社会体的一个焦点。……