旋转机械扭振检测方法的研究现状及展望

郭艳玲 邱枫 李志鹏

摘 要：旋转机械扭振是影响旋转机械工作可靠性和使用寿命的主要因素之一，近年来由于扭振引起的大型机组事故日益增多，因此如何检测扭振成为机械行业一大重点。扭振的检测过程可分为扭振信号的测量和扭振信号的提取分析这两个步骤。将扭振信号的测量方法分为接触式测量法和非接触式测量法两类，将扭振信号的提取分析方法分为基于傅里叶变化法和基于信号分解法两类，并对这几类方法中的具体每种方法进行了介绍，详细地阐述了每种方法的工作原理、研究意义、实际应用以及优缺点，最后对这几类方法的发展趋势进行了展望，希望对今后的旋转机械扭振检测方法的研究起到一定的参考和指导作用。

关键词：旋转机械;扭振;信号测量;信号提取分析;发展趋势;检测方法

DOI：10.15938/j.jhust.2021.06.007

中图分类号： TH825

文献标志码： A

文章编号： 1007-2683（2021）06-0047-08

Research Status and Prospect of Torsional Vibration

Detection Methods for Rotating Machinery

GUO Yan-ling， QIU Feng， LI Zhi-peng

（School of Electromechanic Engineering， Northeast Forestry University， Harbin 150040， China）

Abstract：Torsional vibration of rotating machinery is one of the main factors affecting the reliability and service life of rotaing machinery. In recent years， the number of large units accidents caused by torsional vibration is increasing. Therefore， how to detect torsional vibration has become a major focus in the machinery increasing.The process of torsional vibration of detection method can be divided into two steps： the measurement of torsional vibration signals and the extraction and analysis of torsional vibration signal. The measurement methods of torsional vibration signal are divided into contact measurement method and non-contact measurement method. The extraction and analysis methods of torsional vibration signal are divided into Fourier transform method and signal decomposition method. We introduce each method of these methods， espound in detail the woking principle， reaserch significance， practical application， advantages and disadvantages of each methods， and finally forecast the development trend of these methods. It is expected to provide some reference and guidance for the future research on torsional vibration detection methods of rotating machinery.

Keywords：rotating machinery; torsional vibration; signal measurement; signal extraction analysis; development trend; detection method

0 引 言

旋轉机械主要是指电动机、汽轮机、燃气轮机等机械设备。随着此类机械的应用越来越广泛，如何确保其安全稳定的运行，引起越来越多的重视。扭振对旋转机械造成很大影响，使旋转机械疲劳积累不断加强，形成裂纹、切口，并逐渐扩散，最终导致此前不容易察觉的轴系的断裂。同时，扭振会引起系统噪声增大、动力性能下降。

近年来国内外由于扭振原因引起的大型机组事故日益增多，2003-2004年，俄罗斯RAO EES Rossii电厂因扭振引起的涡轮转子出现裂纹的事故共12起，修理更换转子的费用达到3.08亿卢布[1]。……