章古台地区人工林林下草本植物群落结构特征

肖巍 王东升 张日升 迟琳琳

摘要 [目的]研究章古臺地区不同人工林林下草本植物群落的结构特征。[方法]以章古台地区的樟子松（Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica）、赤松（P.densiflora）、油松（P.tabulaeformis）、彰武小钻杨（Populus× Xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et L.cv.Zhangwu）4种人工林为研究对象，调查林下草本植物的种类、数量、高度、生物量等，分析其在物种组成、生长状况、多样性等方面的差异。[结果]4种人工林林下分布草本植物共21科36属39种。不同树种林下草本植物组成及分布间存在较大差异，其中樟子松林、赤松林、油松林下形成了以马唐为主要优势种的草本植物群落。樟子松林下盖度和生物量最大，彰武小钻杨的盖度和生物量最小。通过比较4种人工林林下草本植物群落的多样性指数，认为彰武小钻杨林下草本植物群落中没有绝对优势的草本植物，不确定性较高，草本植物分布不均匀;樟子松林下形成了以马唐和虎尾草为主的、稳定的、分布均匀的草本植物群落。[结论]从4种人工林草本植物群落的结构特征看，要加强对赤松林、油松林和彰武小钻杨林的经营管理。

关键词 章古台;人工林;草本植物;结构特征

中图分类号 S718.54+2  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）04-0110-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.04.030

Community Structure Characteristics of Undergrowth Herbaceous Vegetation in Zhanggutai Artificial Forest

XIAO Wei1，2，3，WANG Dong-sheng3，ZHANG Ri-sheng1，2 et al （1.National Ecological Orientation Observation and Research Station of Horqin Sandy Land System at  Zhanggutai，Fuxin，Liaoning 123000;2.Liaoning Institute of Sandy Land Control and Utilization， Fuxin，Liaoning 123000;3.College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering， Liaoning Techical University， Fuxin，Liaoning 123000）

Abstract [Objective]To study the structure characteristics of undergrowth herbaceous plants in different plantation forests in Zhanggutai area.[Method]We investigated the species， quantity， height and biomass of the undergrowth herbaceous plants in four kinds of artificial forests in Zhanggutai area， including Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica， P.densiflora， P.tabulaeformis and Populus× Xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et L.cv.Zhangwu， and analyzed their differences in species composition， growth status and diversity.[Result]There were 39 species of herbaceous in 36 genera and 21 families distributed under the artificial forest.The composition and distribution of herbaceous plants in the undergrowth of different tree species were quite different， in which the herbaceous community with Matang as the dominant species was formed in the undergrowth of P.sylvestris var.mongolica，P.densiflora and P.tabulaeformis .The undergrowth coverage and biomass were the largest under the artificial forest of P.sylvestris var.mongolica and the smallest under the artificial forest of Populus× Xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et L.cv.Zhangwu.By comparing the diversity indexes of the subforest herbaceous vegetation communities of the four plantation forests， it was concluded that there were no dominant herbaceous plants in the subforest herbaceous communities of Populus× Xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et L.cv.Zhangwu， with high uncertainty and uneven distribution of herbaceous plants;a stable and evenly distributed herbaceous community was formed under the artificial forest of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica.[Conclusion]According to the structure characteristics of the herbaceous vegetation of the four plantation forests， the plantation management of P.densiflora， P.tabulaeformis and Populus× Xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et L.cv.Zhangwu should be strengthened.

Key words Zhanggutai;Plantation;Herbosa;Structure characteristics

作者简介 肖巍（1984—），女，辽宁阜新人，工程师，从事水土保持与荒漠化防治研究。通信作者，教授，博士，从事半干旱区环境演变及生态修复研究。

收稿日期 2020-07-08

在人工林生态系统中，植物多样性直接关系到群落的稳定性及健康性[1-2]。林下植被作为人工林生态系统的重要组成部分，在维护森林系统多样性、促进人工林养分循环、维持林地土壤肥力、稳定林分生产力等方面具有不可忽视的作用[3-7]。……