聊城市常见园林树木滞尘能力与叶片微形态解析

宁婷婷 纪紫嫣 马雪媛 王首刚 赵红霞

摘要 以聊城市內常见的12种木本植物为研究对象，分析叶片单位面积与单株滞尘能力，通过显微镜观察叶表形态结构，研究植物滞尘能力与叶表微形态的关系。结果表明：单位叶面积滞尘量（TSP）从大到小为白皮松>紫叶李>雪松>紫叶桃>悬铃木>白蜡>榆树>国槐>油松>银杏>胡桃>七叶树。单株植物滞尘能力（TSP）大小顺序为国槐>紫叶李>胡桃>紫叶桃>悬铃木>七叶树>雪松>白蜡>白皮松>油松>榆树>银杏。植物滞尘能力与叶面结构、冠层结构及树体高度有关。雪松吸附PM10的能力最强，白皮松吸附PM2.5和PM0.1的能力最强。叶片越粗糙、绒毛和褶皱越多、气孔多且开口较大的植物滞尘能力越强;树冠覆盖面积大的植株滞尘能力较强，叶片小而疏的植株滞尘能力相对较弱，高度为2～6 m的植株滞尘效果最佳。

关键词 滞尘能力;叶表微结构;冠层分析;单位面积滞尘量

中图分类号 S718.4  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）04-0121-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.04.033

Analysis of Dust Retention Ability and Leaf Micromorphology of Common Garden Trees in Liaocheng

NING Ting-ting，JI Zi-yan，MA Xue-yuan et al （Agricultural College，Liaocheng University，Liaocheng，Shandong 252059）

Abstract Taking 12 kinds of common woody plants in Liaocheng City as the research objects，the dust retention capacity of leaves and single plant was analyzed. The relationship between dust retention capacity and leaf surface micromorphology was studied by observing the morphological structure of leaf surface under microscope. The results showed that the dust retention per unit leaf area （TSP） from large to small was Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl. > Prunus cerasifera Ehrhar f. atropurpurea （Jacq.） > Cedrus deodara （Roxb.） G. Don> Prunus persica ‘Atropurpurea > Platanus acerifolia > Fraxinus chinensis Roxb. > Ulmus pumila L.> Sophora japonica Linn.> Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. > Ginkgo biloba L. > Juglans regia L.> Aesculus chinensis Bunge. The order of TSP of single plant was Sophora japonica Linn.>Prunus erasifera Ehrhar f. atropurpurea （Jacq.） > Juglans regia L. > Prunus persica ‘Atropurpurea > Platanus acerifolia > Aesculus chinensis Bunge > Cedrus deodara （Roxb.） G. Don > Fraxinus chinensis Roxb. > Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl.> Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. > Ulmus pumila L. > Ginkgo biloba L. The results showed that the dust retention ability of plants was related to leaf structure，canopy structure and tree height. Cedrus deodara （Roxb.） G. Don had the strongest ability to absorb PM10，and Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl. had the strongest ability to absorb PM2.5 and PM0.1. The rougher the plant leaves，the more fluff and folds，the more stomata and the larger the opening，the stronger the dust retention ability of the plant.The dust retention ability of plants with large crown coverage was stronger，while that of plants with small and sparse leaves was relatively weak. The dust retention effect was the best when the plant height was about 2-6 m.

Key words Dust retention capacity;Leaf surface microstructure;Canopy analysis;Dust retention capacity per unit area

基金项目 聊城大学博士科研启动基金项目（31805）;大学生科技创新项目（CXCY3017080/201710447080）。

作者简介 宁婷婷（1996—），女，山东济南人，从事园林方面的研究。通信作者，讲师，博士，从事城市生态修复等研究。

收稿日期 2020-07-02

城市大气中颗粒物主要来源于工业污染和汽车尾气等二次气溶胶[1]。PM2.5是雾霾天气形成最主要的因素[2-3]，其导致大气能见度降低;诱发心肺疾病、侵害人体呼吸系统等[4]。2016—2017年全国各地频繁发出雾霾警报，引起社会各界广泛关注[5]，虽然通过控制颗粒污染物排放和削减空气颗粒污染物等措施[6]，但削减大气颗粒物的效果不显著。

净化城市大气污染的重要途径之一是利用植物吸滞能力，植物的滞尘能力取决于冠层类型、叶片和分……