施氮量对黑龙江省第二积温区粳稻生长及产量性状的影响

刘丹 邓力喜 孙玉友 冯章丽 李洪亮 魏才强 程杜娟 吴亚男 陈银华 隋常玲

摘要 为了阐明氮肥用量对黑龙江省第二积温区粳稻生长及产量的影响，选取适宜于该积温区种植的20个粳稻品种/系为材料，对高低2个不同氮肥水平下粳稻的分蘖动态、叶绿素含量、干物重以及产量性状进行分析。结果表明，高氮肥施用量能够增加参试粳稻的分蘖数，提高分蘖期和抽穗期粳稻叶片叶绿素含量，促进干物质积累，但与低氮施用量间差异未达显著水平。对产量及其相关农艺性状的调查分析表明，不同氮肥施用量对有效穗数、穗粒数和实粒数3个性状影响较大，其变异系数均超过10.00%，且产量的变异系数也达9.63%。相关分析结果表明，2个氮肥用量下第二积温区粳稻穗部性状之间的相关性趋势基本一致，其中穗长与穗粒数、实粒数呈显著正相关;穗粒数与实粒数呈极显著正相关，与结实率呈显著负相关。

关键词 粳稻;施氮量;积温区;生长;产量

中图分类号 S511.2+2  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）04-0145-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.04.040

Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate on the Growth and Yield Related Traits of Japonica Rice in the Second Accumulated Temperature Zone of Heilongjiang Province

LIU Dan1， DENG Li-xi1， SUN Yu-you2 et al

（1. College of Biology and Agriculture， Zunyi Nomal University， Zunyi， Guizhou 563006;2.Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Mudanjiang， Heilongjiang 157041）

Abstract In order to explore the effects of rice growth and yield related traits under different fertilizing nitrogen for the second accumulated temperature zone of Heilongjiang Province， 20 japonica rice varieties were used to analyze the tillering dynamics， SPAD value， dry weight and yield related traits on the two N fertilizer levels. The results showed that the tillering number， SPAD values of leaf in tillering stage and heading stage， and dry weight were increased during the high nitrogen fertilizer application， but the difference was not significant compared with low nitrogen application. Investigation on the yield related agronomic traits showed that different nitrogen application had large effects on the three agronomic traits such as effective panicles， spikelet number per panicle and filled grains， which the variable coefficient all were above 10.00%， and the coefficient of variation of yield also reached 9.63%. The correlation analysis showed that the correlation had basically the same trends of panicle traits in the second accumulated temperature zone of japonica rice under two nitrogen fertilizer， which the panicle length was significantly positively correlated with the spikelet number per panicle and filled grains， and the spikelet number per panicle was extremely significantly positively correlated with the filled grains， while it significantly negative with seed setting rate.

Key words Japonica rice;Nitrogen application rate;Accumulated temperature zone;Growth;Yield

基金項目 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0200308）;遵义师范学院博士基金项目（遵师BS〔2019〕45号）;贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目（黔教合KY字〔2015〕413号）;黑龙江省农业科学院院级科研项目（2020FJZX016，2019JJPY016，2019CGJL005）。

作者简介 刘丹（1984—），男，湖北蕲春人，助理研究员，从事水稻种质资源评价利用及粳稻育种研究。通信作者，教授，从事植物营养研究。

收稿日期 2020-07-20

我国水稻种植面积约占世界种植面积的20%，但水稻氮肥用量占全球水稻氮肥总用量的37%[1]。……