彭芳 贺正 祁妹俄波 吴宇 沈雪莲 廖敏 张超
摘要 暗紫贝母是名贵中药材川贝母的主要来源之一,具有极高的药用价值,栽培前景非常广阔。但暗紫贝母对生长环境要求严苛,经过10多年驯化栽培,目前栽培量较小,尚不能满足市场需求。为了更好开展暗紫贝母的规模化、规范化栽培技术研究,对暗紫贝母基地栽培技术进行了总结,结合近年来贝母类药材栽培研究的成果,从品种选择、栽培选址、种子处理、水肥管理、病虫草害防控、产地加工等关键环节探讨暗紫贝母的栽培措施以及存在的问题;提出为提高药材品质,应推进暗紫贝母的品种选育工作,在不同生长时期对关键栽培参数进行精细化管控。
关键词 暗紫贝母;川贝母;栽培;品种
中图分类号 S567.23+1;R282.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)04-0166-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.04.046
Study on the Key Techniques in Cultivation of Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K. C. Hsia
PENG Fang1, HE Zheng2, QI Mei-e-bo2 et al
(1.Industrial Crops Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610300;2. Aba Yunchuang Intelligent Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Aba,Sichuan 624600)
Abstract Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K. C. Hsia is one of the main sources of the famous traditional Chinese medicine “Chuanbeimu”, which has high medicinal value and the broad prospect of cultivation. However, F. unibracteata has strict requirements on the growth environment. After more than ten years of cultivation, the current cultivation amount is small and has not yet formed a large-scale production. To better carry out research on large-scale and standardization cultivation technique of F. unibracteata,cultivation experience in F. unibracteata cultivation base were summarized.Combined with cultivation research results of the medicinal Fritillaria species in recent years, key cultivation techniques such as the variety and planting site selection, seed treatment, water and fertilizer management, control of pest, disease, and weed, postharvest processing were discussed. Their existing problems were also concerned. To improve the quality of Chuanbeimu, a variety breeding of F. unibracteata should be performed as soon as possible, and the key cultivation parts of F. unibracteata in different stages should be taken in fine control.
Key words Fritillaria unibracteata;Fritillaria cirrhosa;Cultivation;Variety
基金項目 四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2019YFN0084);国家中药材产业技术体系(CARS-21)。
作者简介 彭芳(1986—),女,四川成都人,助理研究员,博士,从事川产道地药材的育种栽培研究。通信作者,研究员,博士,从事川产道地药材的育种栽培研究。
收稿日期 2020-08-31
贝母类药材在全国分布广泛,主要包括川贝母、浙贝母、湖北贝母、伊贝母、平贝母和皖贝母。除皖贝母外,其余5种均为药典收载品种;其中又以药材川贝母的基源植物最为丰富,多达6种,分别是暗紫贝母Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia、川贝母Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don(俗称卷叶贝母,为避免与药材名川贝母混淆,后文均用卷叶贝母)、甘肃贝母Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim.、瓦布贝母Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia var.wabuensis(S.Y.Tang et S.C.Yue)Z.D.Liu,S.Wang et S.C.Chen、梭砂贝母Fritillaria delavayi Franch.、太白贝母Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li。暗紫贝母是商品松贝的主流品种,药用历史悠久,具有清热润肺、化痰止咳、散结消痈的功效,现代药理研究证实,其促进小鼠气管酚红的排泌量[1]和防治小鼠复发性哮喘的疗效[2]优于太白贝母和梭砂贝母。……