周力行 刘宇



摘要 近年来在美丽乡村等乡村再造运动的发展和带动下,我国乡村土地的利用、规划以及原有环境的整改和优化等乡村建设,在取得了可观成果的同时也暴露出空间利用不充分、管理不合理等问题。相比之下,同样面临人多地少等问题的邻国日本在70多年的乡村发展、建设和再造的过程中逐渐进行着乡村土地、空间的合理规划以及环境的整改,在完成工业化和城市化的同时建成了均衡、稳定的乡村环境。以日本乡村规划的演变历程、发展方向和采用的方法、手段为基础,探究这一过程的经验对中国的启示,以便为将来的研究和实践提供借鉴。
关键词 日本乡村;乡村规划;空间;土地;环境
中图分类号 TU982.29 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)04-0209-07
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.04.057
The Enlightenment to China of the Development of Japanese Rural Planning after World War II
ZHOU Li-xing,LIU Yu
(Suqian College,Suqian, Jiangsu 223800)
Abstract In recent years, with the development and promotion of the rural reconstruction movement such as beautiful countryside, the rural construction and development in China are in full swing, including the use of rural land, planning and the rectification and optimization of the original environment, which has made considerable achievements, but also exposed the problems of insufficient space utilization and unreasonable management. In contrast, neighboring Japan, which is also faced with the problems of large population, less land, has gradually carried out reasonable planning of rural land and space and environmental rectification in the process of rural development, construction and reconstruction for more than 70 years, and has built a balanced and stable rural environment while completing industrialization and urbanization. Based on the evolution process, development direction, methods and means of rural planning in Japan, this paper explores the enlightenment of the experience of this process to China, so as to provide reference for future research and practice.
Key words Japanese Village;Rural planning;Space;Land;Environment
作者简介 周力行(1994—),男,江苏宿迁人,助教,硕士,从事风景园林规划设计研究。
收稿日期 2020-07-11
二战结束后的十几年里,在土地私有制和地方自治的框架下,在推进广大乡村地區发展的同时,日本以“农村计划”为名推进着乡村环境及用地的规划设计与建设,其中包括经济发展、用地规划、防灾减灾、基础设施建设、景观营造、人居环境优化等方面,这一过程中不同层次的国土规划的方法、手段和相关规章制度都推动着乡村规划的进行[1],不同时期的社会经济背景和相关政策也对这一过程产生着不可忽视的影响。
经过七十多年来的发展、建设和改进,日本乡村规划成效显著,通过合理的土地利用与空间规划,结合相关法律条例与治理方式的完善。……