颅脑损伤患者出院准备计划及院外持续居家护理效果分析

吴明俊 刘娟娟

【摘要】 目的：观察及分析颅脑损伤患者出院准备计划及院外持续居家护理的效果。方法：选取2018年6月-2019年6月本院86例顱脑损伤患者，根据随机数字表法将其分成对照组和观察组，每组43例。对照组开展常规的出院指导，观察组在对照组的基础上开展出院准备计划及院外持续居家护理。比较两组患者干预前后运动功能、神经功能及生活质量改善情况。结果：干预前，两组FMA、Barthel、MMSE、NDS评分比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;干预后，观察组FMA、Barthel、MMSE评分均高于对照组，NDS评分低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。干预前，两组四肢行动情况、生活自理能力、心理状态、社交活动、人文关系评分及生活质量总评分比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;干预后，观察组四肢行动情况、生活自理能力、心理状态、社交活动、人文关系评分及生活质量总评分均高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：将出院准备计划及院外持续居家护理应用于颅脑损伤患者，不但可以改善运动和神经功能，而且可以提升其日常生活能力，提高生活质量。

【关键词】 颅脑损伤 出院准备计划 院外持续居家护理 生活质量

[Abstract] Objective： To observe and analyze the effect of discharge preparation plan and continuous home care after discharge for patients with craniocerebral injury. Method： A total of 86 patients with craniocerebral injury in our hospital from June 2018 to June 2019 were selected， and they were divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method， 43 cases in each group. The control group received routine discharge guidance， while the observation group received discharge preparation plan and continuous home care after discharge on the basis of the control group. The improvement of motor function， neurological function and quality of life before and after intervention were compared between two groups. Result： Before intervention， there were no significant differences in FMA， Barthel， MMSE and NDS scores between two groups （P>0.05）; after intervention， FMA， Barthel and MMSE scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group， and NDS scores of the observation group was lower than that of the control group， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Before intervention， there were no significant differences in the scores of limb movement， self-care ability， mental state， social activities， humanistic relationship and quality of life total scores between two groups （P>0.05）; after intervention， the scores of limb movement， self-care ability， mental state， social activities， humanistic relationship and quality of life total scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion： The application of discharge preparation plan and continuous home care after discharge for patients with craniocerebral injury can not only restore their motor and neurological functions， but also improve their daily life ability and quality of life.

[Key words] Craniocerebral injury Discharge preparation plan Continuous home care after discharge Quality of life

First-author’s address： Jingzhou Third People’s Hospital， Jingzhou 434000， China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.25.023

在神经外科中，最多见的一种多发性疾病就是颅脑损伤，患者的预后普遍不佳，而且经常同时出现语言、饮食、四肢活动等方面的功能障碍，使其生活质量大打折扣[1]。此疾病患者的神经和运动功能需要很长的时间才可以恢复，但是因为康复治疗是长期性的，故而使患者的治疗依从性降低，功能康复效果大打折扣[2]。……