健康赋权理论预防糖尿病并发症的效果评价

胡招娣 邓丽花

【摘要】 目的：探討健康赋权理论预防糖尿病（DM）并发症的效果，以期为DM患者预防并发症提供指导。方法：选择2018年9月-2019年6月本院就诊的50例DM患者，根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组，每组25例。对照组给予常规健康教育，观察组给予健康赋权理论干预。比较两组护理满意度、并发症发生情况及干预前后的DM知晓率[密西根中文版糖尿病知识测试问卷（DKT）]、自我管理能力（Deborah糖尿病自我管理量表）。结果：干预前，两组DKT、Deborah糖尿病自我管理量表评分比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;干预后，两组DKT、Deborah糖尿病自我管理量表评分均高于干预前，且观察组均高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组护理总满意率高于对照组，并发症发生率低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：DM患者采用健康赋权理论可提高患者对DM知识的知晓率及自我管理能力，提高患者护理满意度，降低并发症的发生率，值得推广。

【关键词】 糖尿病 健康赋权理论 自我管理

[Abstract] Objective： To explore the effect of health empowerment theory in preventing complications of diabetes （DM）， in order to provide guidance for DM patients to prevent complications. Method： A total of 50 patients with DM who were treated in our hospital from September 2018 to June 2019 were selected， and they were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table， 25 cases in each group. The control group was given regular health education， and the observation group was given health empowerment theory intervention. The nursing satisfaction and complications were compared between two groups， the DM awareness rate [Michigan Chinese diabetes knowledge test questionnaire （DKT）]， self-management ability （Deborah diabetes self-management scale） before and after intervention were compared between two groups. Result： Before intervention， there were no significant differences in DKT and Deborah diabetes self-management scale between two groups （P>0.05）; after intervention， the scores of DKT and Deborah diabetes self-management scale of both groups were higher than those before intervention， and those of the observation group were higher than those of the control group， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. The total nursing satisfaction rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group， and the incidence of complications was lower than that of the control group， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion： The use of health empowerment theory for DM patients can improve patients’ awareness rate of DM knowledge and self-management ability， improve patient care satisfaction， and reduce the incidence of complications， which is worthy of promotion.

[Key words] Diabetes Health empowerment theory Self-management

First-author’s address： The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University， Nanchang 330003， China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.25.025

糖尿病（DM）多发于肥胖、超重、高脂饮食患者，且发病率逐年上升。DM病情缓慢，主要临床症状为消瘦、多尿、多食等，部分患者还可伴有乏力、皮肤麻木、瘙痒等症状[1]。目前，DM尚无法完全治愈，临床主要以降糖药来控制血糖水平，但部分患者由于无法正确认识DM可能造成的危害，常不按时用药或随意删减用药，加之不良饮食习惯，导致血糖控制不佳，因而给予DM患者科学健康的宣教具有重要意义[2-3]。健康赋权理论强调患者的主动参与，通过给予患者认识疾病、主动参与的机会来增加患者的健康认知，从而促进患者自我意识的改变，已逐渐被应用于各种慢性疾病患者[4-5]。……