测深仪回波信号接收异常的故障分析及解决方案

刘荣 韦塔 王启兴

摘    要：针对出口南亚某国的某型巡逻艇的回声测深仪在海上试航时，出现回波不稳定、高速航行时甚至出现回波信号完全丢失的异常情况，结合干扰回波信号接收的因素进行梳理。通过对案例进行故障分析，采用了移位安装、工艺改进等措施消除干扰，有效解决了测深仪回波信号接收异常的故障现象，进一步提升了测深仪工作的可靠性和稳定性。同时，也对换能器的安装工艺提出了建议，为今后船厂建造施工以及售后工程师的技术服务提供借鉴。

关键词：测深仪;回波信号;接收异常;故障分析

中图分类号：U666.7                                文献标识码：A

Abstract： The echo sounder of a certain type of military trade patrol ship exported to a country in South Asia has the abnormal situation of unstable echo during sea trial and complete loss of echo signal when sailing at high speed. Combined with the factors that interfere with echo signal reception， through fault analysis of the case， measures such as displacement installation and process improvement are adopted to eliminate the interference and the abnormal receiving of echo signal of the sounder， further enhance the reliability and stability of the sounder. At the same time， the opinions and suggestions on the installation process of the converter are put forward， which can be used for reference for the construction of shipyard and the technical service of after-sale engineers in the future.

Key words： Echo sounder; Echo signal; Abnormal reception; Fault analysis

1     回聲测深仪的系统构成及工作原理

出口南亚某国的某型巡逻艇采用DS2008型垂直型超声波回波测深仪。整机由主机、换能器、钢质导流罩、电源装置组成，其系统结构见图1所示。

图1  测深仪整机的系统结构图

（1）主机

主机是整机测深仪的中枢，其集成了显示、控制、逻辑处理、发射/接收电振荡脉冲信号等功能。

（2）换能器

换能器兼具超声波发射和接收的功能，其向水下发射超声波脉冲，声波经由海水介质向海底传播，触碰到海底后被反射回来，反射回来的声波称之为回波;回波被换能器接收并转换成电振荡信号传递给测深仪主机，由测深仪主机测量超声波从发射到回波被反射接收所历经的时间来计算换能器距离海底的垂直距离，从而达到测深的目的。

（3）导流罩

导流罩主要是用于换能器的安装及保护。……