论陶行知“小先生制”对小学德育的启示

王丽

摘 要：随着我国新课程改革进程的推进，小学德育教育渐渐受到了学校、教师和家长的重视，其教学方式和教学理念都在不断地完善，整体教学已初见成效。但是受到诸多因素的影响，我国的小学德育教学课堂仍存在不少弊端。陶行知的“小先生制”恰好可以对接目前我国小学德育教学的困境，帮助改善目前小学德育教学的不足。从“小先生制”的精神要义和基础内容出发，开展德育教学对于我国的小学教学课堂而言大有裨益。

关键词：陶行知;小先生制;小学德育

【中图分类号】G621 【文獻标识码】A 【文章编号】1005-8877（2020）03-0158-02

【Abstract】With the advancement of the new curriculum reform in China，primary school moral education has gradually been attached importance to by schools，teachers and parents. Its teaching methods and teaching philosophy are constantly improving，and the overall teaching has achieved initial results. However，influenced by many factors，there are still many drawbacks in the primary school moral education teaching classroom in our country. Tao Xingzhi's "little teacher system" can just connect with the current dilemma of moral education in primary schools in China，and help to improve the current deficiencies of moral education in primary schools. Starting from the spiritual essence and basic content of "little teacher system"，it is of great benefit to carry out moral education teaching for primary school teaching class in our country.

【Keywords】Tao Xingzhi;Little master system;Moral education in primary school

“小先生制”是一种教育制度，由陶行知先生于上世纪二三十年代提出。“小先生制”追求的是人民大众的教学形式，它的特点在于儿童就是教师，其倡导由已经受过教育、年纪稍大的儿童作为传授者，教导其他低年龄儿童或者民众。陶行知先生认为传播知识最为有效的途径之一就是“人传人”，其中儿童扮演着普及教育、散播知识的重要角色。“小先生制”其本身的理论内涵极其丰富，同时拥有着较高的实践价值，不仅仅为上世纪的教育实践提供了支持，对于当今的小学德育教学也有着不小的影响力。

1.现阶段我国小学德育面临的困境

德育对于小学生的思想和心灵都有很强的塑造作用，其会对小学生的政治、道德、心理等各方面进行教育。在进行现代化建设的新时期，我国对于小学德育教育十分重视，但是由于受到应试教育的影响，目前小学的德育教育仍有很多的不足。……