三河口碾压混凝土拱坝初期蓄水安全监测评价

2021-03-28 11:49:17刘茜王佐荣
人民黄河 2021年3期

刘茜 王佐荣

摘 要:为全面深入了解三河口碾压混凝土拱坝蓄水至550 m高程的安全状态,对大坝主体工程、下游消能建筑物、两岸边坡及滑坡体实施了变形(水平位移、垂直位移及接缝开合度)、渗流渗压及应力应变监测,获取了大量监测数据,监测结果分析表明:三河口水利枢纽初期下闸蓄水,大坝主体、消能建筑物和两岸边坡及滑坡体的位移变形、渗流渗压、应力应变均正常连续变化、变幅较小,未出现大的异常突变,变化过程和分布规律基本合理。综合分析认为,三河口水利枢纽初期下闸蓄水过程安全可控,坝体工作性态正常。

关键词:蓄水;位移变形;渗流渗压;应力应变;安全监测;碾压混凝土拱坝;三河口水利枢纽

Abstract:In order to get a comprehensive in-depth understanding of safety status of Sanhekou RCC arch dam impoundment to 550m, the deformation of the structures (horizontal displacement, vertical displacement and openings of joint), seepage pressure and stress and strain of the dam, energy-dissipation structures and slopes and landslide on both sides of the river were monitored. Meanwhile, a large number of monitoring data were obtained. The monitoring result indicates that after the initial impoundment, the deformation, seepage and stress and strain of the dam, energy-dissipation structures and slopes and landslide mass vary continuously without large abnormal mutation and the process and distribution law of the variation are basically reasonable. After comprehensive analysis, the impoundment process of Sanhekou RCC arch dam is safe and controllable and the operation of the dam is in a normal state.

Key words: reservoir impoundment; displacement deformation; seepage pressure; stress-strain; safety monitoring; RCC arch dam; Sanhekou Hydro-Junction

大壩安全监测最早可追溯到1891年德国开展的Eschbach重力坝位移观测,随后1903年美国开展了Boonton重力坝温度观测,1908年澳大利亚开展了Barron Jack Creek薄拱坝变位观测,1925年美国开展了Fultz坝扬压力观测,1926年美国垦务局在Stevenson Creek试验拱坝上开展了应力应变观测[1-2]。此后,随着建坝数量逐渐增多、坝体高度逐渐增大、坝基条件日益复杂等,坝工界开始利用专门的仪器设备监测坝体的工作性态,但受监测方法、仪器设备以及坝工设计和施工水平影响,大坝失事时有发生[3-4]。1959年法国Malpasset拱坝左岸基岩破坏、1963年意大利Vajont水库滑坡、1976年美国Teton土坝坝基管涌等均造成重大损失,引起了世界各国对大坝安全监测的重视,使大坝安全监测工作得到进一步发展[4]。我国大坝安全监测工作始于……

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