非接触式冰厚和水位一体化远程监测装置研发

张宝森 李春江 崔海涛

摘 要：为解决冬季结冰河道冰厚和水位一体化连续监测难的问题，研发了非接触式冰厚和水位一体化远程监测装置。该装置主要由空气耦合雷达、环境温度传感器、水面/冰面温度传感器、高清红外夜视仪、避雷器、GPS模块、远程开关控制和遥测模块、太阳能和风力供电互补系统、硅能电池、超长横杆和三角钢架等组成。集成后的装置可监测冰厚、水位、环境温度和冰面/水面温度等相关参数及全天候的视频图像数据，通过采用4G模块将数据回传至控制中心并自动解译雷达图谱。该装置已安装应用于黄河内蒙古托克托县什四份险工弯道处，完整监测了2019—2020年度凌汛期冰厚和水位变化过程，采集了大量的温度和凌汛视频图像数据。该装置为冰期水文远程非接触式监测提供了新的模式和技术，可实现全年无人值守智能监测。

关键词：冰厚;水位;空气耦合雷达;一体化远程监测;黄河

Abstract：In order to solve the problem of continuous monitoring of ice thickness and water level in frozen river in winter， a non-contact remote monitoring device for ice thickness and water level was developed. It was mainly composed of air-coupled radar measuring ice thickness， ambient temperature sensor， water surface or ice surface temperature sensor， high-definition infrared night vision instrument， lightning arrester， GPS module， remote switch control and telemetry module， solar and wind power supply complementary system， silicon energy battery， super long crossbar and triangular steel frame. The integrated device could monitor the ice thickness， water level， ambient temperature， ice surface or water surface temperature and other relevant parameters， as well as the video image data of the whole day. By using 4G module， the data could be sent back to the control center and the radar atlas could be automatically interpreted. At present， the equipment has been installed and applied in Shisifen section of the Yellow River in Tuoketuo County of Inner Mongolia. It had completely monitored the ice thickness and water level change process of the bend during the ice flood period from 2019 to 2020 and also collected a large number of temperature and ice flood video data. The equipment has provided a new model and technology for remote non-contact monitoring of hydrology during ice period and realized unattended intelligent monitoring.

Key words： ice thickness; water level; air-coupled radar; integrated remote monitoring;Yellow River

1 技術背景

黄河宁蒙河段防凌形势严峻，冰凌灾害给两岸人民生命财产安全造成巨大损失，防凌减灾研究势在必行。野外原型观测是开展各种防凌减灾研究的基础，可为冰凌灾害评估提供技术保证，为室内物理模型研究提供原型参照，为数学预报模型开发提供数据支撑。黄河内蒙古段冰情野外原型观测技术和设备相对落后，观测次数及断面少，实时性较差，智能无人值守程度低，存在原始数据不连续、不全面等问题[1-4]。目前，用于黄河主河道冬季结冰期的气介自动水位计[5]可实现水位的远程自动监测，但不能监测冰厚。……