足协“工资帽”政策的分析与思考

刘辛丹 陈子涵

摘 要：基于2018年年末足协出台的“工资帽”新政，结合以往足协出台的“工资帽”政策，运用归纳推理法对新时期工资帽政策进行探讨分析。对以往足协出台的“工资帽”政策难以持续开展下去的原因进行分析，并列举出新时期“工资帽”政策实施的有利因素，通过结合薪酬管理和人力资本理论分析“工资帽”政策持续实施可能给俱乐部、球员、联赛带来的影响，提出了以下三点建议：弥补政策漏洞，进一步细化执行内容;发挥职业联盟在政策制定中的主导作用，给予球员更多的话语权;疏堵结合，多种途径扩大社会资本的投入。最后提出了限薪假设以期政策可以更加持久地推行下去。

关键词：工资帽;职业联赛;中国足协;球员薪酬

中图分类号：G80-051 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1009-9840（2021）01-0017-06

Abstract：Based on the "salary cap" new policy introduced by the Football Association at the end of 2018， combined with the "salary cap" policy issued by the Football Association many times in the past， the sustainability of the salary cap policy in the new period is discussed and analyzed. First of all， it analyzed the reasons why the "salary cap" policy introduced by the Football Association in the past was difficult to continue， and listed the favorable factors for the implementation of the "salary cap" policy in the new period. Based on the combination of salary management and human capital theory， it analyzed the possible impacts of implementation of the "salary cap" policy on clubs， players and leagues and gave three reasons： From the policy itself， efforts should be made to make up for loopholes in the policy and further refine the content of implementation; from the perspective of policy formulation and targets， professional leagues should be used to play leading role in policy formulation， while giving players more discourse rights; from the purpose and starting point of the policy， we should adopt multiple approaches to further expand investment in social capital through the method of blocking and leading. Finally， based on the above recommendations， the salary limit hypothesis is put forward so that the policy can be implemented more lastingly.

Key words：salary cap; professional league; Chinese Football Association; player compensation

2019年底足协推出了一系列国内联赛新政，总体方向依旧是引导俱乐部理性投资，给市场“降温”。历年 “工资帽”政策，大多数生命周期短暂，很难发挥出应有的作用。关于国内联赛“工资帽”的相关研究较少，现有的研究中提出了“强平衡基金池”的对策，通过征收均衡金的方式，将某家俱乐部母公司的巨额赞助金共享给其他经济实力较弱的俱乐部，以此来缩小俱乐部之间的经济差距。有研究从合法性角度分析了限薪政策可能存在的问题。大部分国家的足球職业联赛都较少采用“工资帽”政策，“工资帽”的国外研究更多见于美国的职业篮球、棒球等联赛中。

运用薪酬管理和人力资本理论的相关知识分析薪酬对人带来的影响，以及界定球员作为一种资本在俱乐部中的作用和地位。……