基于乘用车内部凸出物试验测评方法研究

武永强　刘培伟　娄磊

摘 要：目前，国内外有关汽车内部凸出物试验的标准中均只将假人头部作为参考指标;而正面碰撞法规和C-NCAP（2021版）中均将假人的头、颈、胸、骨盆、腿等部位损伤值作为衡量汽车安全性能优劣的重要评价指标。本文通过滑台碰撞试验方法，对汽车内部凸出物试验测评方法进行研究;结果显示：假人的头、颈、胸、腿部均受到不同程度的损伤;尤其是95th假人的骨盆位移量过大，造成假人下半身受到损伤更为严重。因此，本文建议乘用车内部凸出物试验测评方法中，应适度考量假人多个部位及其损伤指标，旨在不断完善我国汽车安全标准体系，进一步提升汽车安全性能，更好地保护驾乘人员的乘车安全。

关键词：内部凸出物 滑台碰撞 假人损伤 测评方法

Research on Test and Evaluation Method Based on Interior Fittings of Passenger Car

Wu Yongqiang Liu peiwei Lou Lei

Abstract：At present， the standard of interior fittings test at home and abroad only regards the dummy head as the assessment index. However， the head， neck， chest， pelvis， leg and other parts of the dummy are taken as important evaluation indexes to evaluate the safety performance of vehicles in frontal crash regulations and C-NCAP （version 2021）. In this paper， the dynamic test and evaluation method of vehicle interior fittings is studied by the sled crash test method， the results show that the head， neck， chest and legs of the dummy were damaged in different degrees; Especially， the pelvic displacement of 95th dummy is too large， which makes the lower body of the dummy more seriously damaged. Therefore， it is suggested that multiple parts of the dummy and its damage index should be considered appropriately in the test and evaluation method of passenger car interior fittings， so as to continuously improve the automobile safety standard system in China， further improve the vehicle safety performance， and better protect the safety of drivers and passengers.

Key words：interior fittings; sled crash; dummy injury; evaluation method

1 前言

汽车内部凸出物试验动态确定的头部碰撞区域试验目的主要是验证气囊、安全带等约束系统能否对车内乘员进行有效的约束，防止汽车碰撞过程中车内的尖锐部件对乘员造成额外伤害。

目前，国内外汽车内部凸出物相关试验标准中，只考核汽车仪表板等内饰部件能否豁免假人的头部发生接触，对头部的损伤值及其它部位的损伤均未提及[1]。然而，在现行的C-NCAP评价体系中均将假人的头、颈、胸、骨、腿等部位的损伤值作为衡量汽车安全性能优劣的重要参考指标[2]。此外，基于多种车型、多种工况下的动态内凸试验大数据统计，内凸试验中所用碰撞测试假人通常选较为严苛（身材较大、体重较重）的95th男性假人做为考核对象;相比于50th假人，95th假人对汽车安全约束系统的要求会更加严苛。……