污水反硝化脱氮工艺中外加碳源研究进展

熊子康　郑怀礼　尚娟芳　蒋君怡　钟政　赵瑞　胡雅丹

摘 要：随着更加严格的氨氮污水排放标准的实施，中国大多数城镇污水处理厂出水中氨氮难以达标的问题日益突出，其中，碳源不足成为反硝化脱氮的主要制约因素。针对低碳氮比污水，需要额外投加碳源以强化反硝化脱氮。结合对反硝化外加碳源的研究成果，综述了以小分子有机物及糖类物质为主的传统碳源，以天然纤维素物质、人工合成高聚物、骨架型复合缓释碳源为主的新型固体碳源，和以工业废水、污泥及餐厨废弃物水解液等为主的新型液体碳源，分析了目前外加碳源研究和实际运用中存在的问题和挑战。结果表明，现阶段以传统碳源为基础研发的复合碳源更适合商业推广，而大多数新型碳源实际应用还存在各种问题，但其成本低、环保性高、应用广泛，值得深入研究。

关键词：污水处理;反硝化脱氮;外加碳源;低碳氮比污水

中图分类号：X703.5   文献标志码：A   文章编号：2096-6717（2021）02-0168-14

Abstract： With the implementation of stricter ammonia nitrogen wastewater discharge standards， the problem that the effluent of most urban sewage treatment plants in China is difficult to meet the standards is becoming increasingly prominent， in which the lack of carbon source becomes a limiting factor of denitrification. For low carbon nitrogen ratio wastewater， additional carbon source should be added to enhance denitrification. Based on the research results on denitrification and external carbon sources， this paper summarizes the traditional carbon sources mainly composed of small molecular organics and carbohydrates， the new type of solid carbon source mainly based on natural cellulose materials， synthetic polymers， and skeleton composite slow-release carbon sources， and the new type of liquid carbon source mainly based on industrial wastewater， sludge and kitchen waste hydrolysate， and analyzes the problems and challenges in the current research and practical application of external carbon sources. The results show that the hybrid carbon sources based on traditional carbon sources are more suitable for commercial promotion at present， while most of the new carbon sources still have various problems in practical application， but they are worth further study due to their low cost， high environmental protection and wide application.

Keywords：sewage treatment; denitrification; additional carbon source; low carbon nitrogen ratio sewage

近年來，水体富营养化成为严重的环境问题，随着中国“水十条”的发布，对污水厂脱氮处理提出了更高的要求。在众多市政污水处理工艺中，生物法硝化反硝化工艺因其廉价高效的特点被广泛应用于污水脱氮处理[1-2]。传统的生物脱氮工艺主要分为硝化过程和反硝化过程，其中，反硝化过程指异养反硝化细菌以有机碳源为电子供体，在缺氧环境下将硝化过程中产生的亚硝酸氮和硝酸氮还原成气态氮的过程。……