甜玉米维生素E含量变异及杂种优势分析

谢利华 胡建广 李春艳 肖颖妮 李武 于永涛 卢文佳 文天祥 李高科

摘要：【目的】分析不同甜玉米雜交种的杂种优势，筛选高维生素E（VE）组合及优异亲本，为高效创制高VE甜玉米品种提供材料基础和理论依据。【方法】采用正相高效液相色谱法（NP-HPLC），对11份不同来源且表型差异明显的甜玉米自交系及其11个杂交种进行VE组分含量测定，并分析其杂种优势，筛选高VE甜玉米材料。【结果】甜玉米自交系及杂交种中的VE组分间含量差异均达极显著水平（P<0.01，下同）。自交系26F白、金皇和杂交种粤甜41号、粤甜29号、粤甜35号的总生育酚（TTF）、总生育三烯酚（TT3）和总VE（TVE）含量较高。杂交种VE组分含量与双亲均值和高值亲本相关，其中α-生育酚（αT）和α-生育三烯酚（αT3）含量与高值亲本和双亲均值呈显著（P<0.05）或极显著正相关。11个杂交种VE组分含量的杂种优势主要表现为负向中亲优势，TVE含量的中亲优势变幅为-39.07%～56.97%，超亲优势变幅为-52.44～49.28%。11个杂交种中有4个表现出超亲优势，其中TY6和农宝2021白组配的杂交种粤甜41号、粤甜38号和粤甜35号具有较强的超亲优势，且TVE含量较高。【结论】不同基因型甜玉米间VE组分含量存在明显差异，VE含量的杂种优势主要表现为负向中亲优势;高VE亲本间杂交并不一定能够获得具有强杂种优势的杂交种。要提高甜玉米杂交种VE含量，选择高VE含量尤其是高αT和αT3含量的材料进行组配或许可加速品种培育进程。

关键词： 甜玉米;自交系;维生素E;杂种优势

中图分类号： S513                               文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）12-3350-08

Analysis of vitamin E content and heterosis in sweet

corn（Zea mays L.）

XIE Li-hua， HU Jian-guang， LI Chun-yan， XIAO Ying-ni， LI Wu， YU Yong-tao，

LU Wen-jia， WEN Tian-xiang， LI Gao-ke*

（Crops Research Institute， Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory

of Crop Genetic Improvement， Guangzhou  510640， China）

Abstract：【Objective】The heterosis of hybrids derived from different sweet corn inbred lines were analyzed to excavate the combination and parents with high vitamin E（VE） content，so as to provide materials and theoretical basis for efficiently breeding high VE content sweet corn varieties. 【Method】Normal phase high performance liquid chromatography （NP-HPLC） was used to determine the content of VE components in 11 sweet corn inbred lines with different origins and obvious phenotypic differences and their 11 hybrid combinations. The heterosis of VE components was analyzed to screen the high content sweet corn materials. 【Result】The contents of VE components in inbred lines and hybrids indicated extremely significance  level（P<0.01， the same below）. The contents of total tocophenol （TTF），total tocophenol （TT3） and total VE（TVE） in inbred lines 26F Bai，Jinhuang and hybrids Yuetan 41， Yuetan 29 and Yuetan 35 were high. The contents of all VE components in hybrids were correlated with the mean values of parents and high-value parents;of which the contents of α-tocopherol （αT） and α-tocoptrienol （αT3） were significantly（P<0.05） or extremely positively correlated with the mean values of parents and high-value parents. In terms of heterosis analysis， the heterosis of VE content in 11 hybrids mainly showed negative  heterosis; the TVE content mid-parentheterosisranged from -39.07% to 56.97%，and the over-parent heterosis ranged from -52.44 to 49.28%. Four hybrids showed super-parent heterosis，and the hybrids Yuetian 41，Yuetian 38 and Yuetian 35 which derived from inbred lines TY6 and Nongbao 2021 Bai presented stronger heterosis and higher TVE content. 【Conclusion】There are differences in VE content among different genotypes of sweet corn. The heterosis of VE content is mainly negative mid-parent heterosis. The parents with high VE contents may not obtain hybrid with strong heterosis. For improving the VE content in sweet corn，the materials with high VE content，especially those with high αT or αT3 contents，can be selected as parents to accelerate the breeding process.

Key words： sweet corn; inbred line; vitamin E; heterosis

Foundation item： Key Area Research and Development Project of Guangdong（2018B020202008）; Guangdong Provincial Rural Revitalization Strategy Special Project（Yuecainong〔2020〕100）; Project of 2021 Rural Revitalization Stra-tegy Special Fund of Guangdong （Yuecainong〔2021〕37）; Construction Project of Discipline Team of Agricultural Advantage Industry for 14th Five-year Plan of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences （202115TD）

0 引言

【研究意义】甜玉米（Zea mays L.）作为特色、健康、营养型作物的典型代表，近年来发展迅速，全国年种植面积接近60万ha，已成为扶贫攻坚、效益农业和乡村振兴的优势农作物（李坤等，2020）。维生素E（Vitamin E，VE）由生育酚（Tocopherol，TF）和生育三烯酚（Tocotrienol，T3）组成，进一步可分为α、β、γ、δ四种类型，共有8种异构体，是常见的脂溶性抗氧化剂，能清除体内活性氧自由基，降低氧化应激损伤，改善免疫功能，可预防心血管疾病、糖尿病、早衰等疾病，对动植物生长发育具有重要作用（Waniek et al.，2017;Lee and Han，2018;Miyazawa et al.，2019）。研究表明，T3比TF在预防癌症和心血管疾病等方面具有更强的作用（Hong et al.，2016;Jiang，2017）。日常生活中，人体只能通过饮食摄入补充VE，我国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量中推荐成年人摄入α-生育酚（α-tocopherol，αT）当量为14 mg/d（中国营养学会，2016）。甜玉米是深受消费者喜爱的食物，提高甜玉米中类胡萝卜素、叶酸、VE等微量营养素的含量，不仅可避免微量营养素缺乏症的发生，还可提高甜玉米附加值和市场竞争力。……