桔小实蝇对5个石榴品种的产卵选择适应性

李貌 方薛交 张金龙 肖春 闫振华 刘娜 陈国华 张晓明

摘要：【目的】探討桔小实蝇对不同石榴品种的产卵选择性及其与子代生长发育的关系，为石榴桔小实蝇的综合防治提供科学依据。【方法】以禄子、光颜、沙子、酸甜和厚皮5个石榴品种为研究材料，通过测定桔小实蝇成虫在不同石榴品种上的着卵量和幼虫取食5个石榴品种后的发育历期、化蛹进度、成活率等相关生长发育参数，分析桔小实蝇对不同石榴品种的产卵选择性及其幼虫的取食适应性。【结果】桔小实蝇偏好在禄子和光颜品种上产卵，在两者果实和果粒上的着卵量分别为30.50、92.00粒/果和39.75、87.75粒/果;在2个品种上的幼虫和蛹的发育历期较短，分别为10.57、11.97 d和11.53、10.03 d;化蛹进度更快且蛹重更重，蛹重分别为9.65和9.12 g;化蛹率和羽化率更高，分别为90.00%、67.50%和91.67%、81.67%。【结论】桔小实蝇对石榴不同品种的产卵选择性存在明显差异，石榴品种的果皮和气味对其产卵选择有影响，且桔小实蝇产卵选择性与其子代生长发育适应性相关联。在桔小实蝇发生严重的地区可优先选择种植桔小实蝇不喜产卵和不利于其子代生长发育的酸甜和厚皮品种，可有效抑制桔小实蝇田间种群的增长。

关键词： 桔小实蝇;石榴;产卵选择;生长发育;寄主适应性

中图分类号： S436.639                              文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）12-3408-07

Oviposition preference of Bactrocera dorsalis （Hendel） to five varieties of Punica granatum

LI Mao1， FANG Xue-jiao1，2， ZHANG Jin-long3，XIAO Chun1， YAN Zhen-hua4，

LIU Na5， CHEN Guo-hua1*， ZHANG Xiao-ming1*

（1College of Plant Protection， Yunnan Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Yunnan Biological Resources Protection and Utilization， Kunming  650201， China; 2Zhounan Shiyanhu Middle School of Yuhua District，

Changsha  410022， China; 3Science and Technology Bureau， Yunnan Agricultural University， Kunming  650201， China;4Development Planning Centre， Honghe University， Mengzi， Yunnan  661100， China; 5College of

Biological Science and Agriculture， Honghe University， Mengzi， Yunnan  661100， China）

Abstract：【Objective】To investigate the oviposition selectivity of Bactrocera dorsalis（Hendel） to different Punica granatum varieties and its relationship with the growth and development of offspring to provide reference for the prevention and control of B. dorsalis on pomegranate. 【Method】Five P. granatum varieties （Luzi， Guangyan， Shazi， Suantian， and Houpi） were used as research materials. The fecundity of adults of B. dorsalis on different P. granatum varieties and the related growth and development parameters such as developmental duration， pupation progress and survival rate of larvae fed on different P. granatum varieties were measured. The oviposition selectivity of B. dorsalis on five P. granatum varieties and the effect of larvae fed on their growth and development were analyzed.【Result】B. dorsalis preferred to lay eggs on Luzi and Guangyan varieties. The amounts of eggs laid on the each fruits and fruit grains of the two varieties were 30.50， 92.00 egg/grain and 39.75， 87.75 egg/grain， respectively. The developmental duration of larvae and pupae on the two varieties was short，which were 10.57， 11.97 d and 11.53， 10.03 d， respectively. The pupation progress was fast and the pupa weight was large（9.65 g and 9.12 g， respectively）. The pupation rate and emergence rate were high， which were 90.00%， 67.50% and 91.67%， 81.67%， respectively. 【Conclusion】There are great differences in the oviposition selectivity of B. dorsalis to different P. granatum varieties. The peel and smell of P. granatum varieties affect the oviposition selectivity， and the oviposition selectivity of B. dorsalisis related to the growth and development adaptability of its offspring. In the areas where the occurrence of B. dorsalis is serious，Suantian and Houpi varieties can be planted since B. dorsalis does not like to lay eggs on them and the varieties are not conducive to their growth and development，then the growth of B. dorsalis field population can be effectively inhibited.

Key words： Bactrocera dorsalia（Hendel）; Punica granatum; oviposition preference; growth and development; host fitness

Foundation item：Yunnan Major Science and Technology Project （202102AE090006）;Yunnan Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leaders Reserve Talent Project （202105AC160071）; Youth Top Talents Project of  Yunnan High-level Talent Training Support Program（Yunrenshetong〔2020〕150-09）;Yunnan Basic Research Project （202101AU070113）

0 引言

【研究意义】桔小实蝇[Bactrocera dorsalis （Hendel）]隶属双翅目（Diptera）实蝇科（Tephritidea）果实蝇属（Bactrocera），在全球分布广泛，主要包括亚太地区以及非洲地区等（Gichuhi et al.，2019;Afroz et al.，2021）。其可为害46科250余种水果和蔬菜，是全球危害最严重的5种实蝇之一（Aketarawong et al.，2014）。……