南通市中学生痤疮相关知识水平调查及干预策略研究

曹春艳 刘倩

[摘要]目的：了解南通市某中學初一学生痤疮患病率及痤疮相关知识水平，探讨痤疮患病的影响因素以及不同的健康教育方法对提高痤疮青少年疾病相关知识水平的效果，为后续健康教育策略的制定提供依据。方法：①采用描述性横截面研究（n0=407），以问卷形式对南通市某中学初一学生进行一般资料及痤疮相关知识水平的调查;②采用类实验研究方法，将患痤疮的学生分为两组（干预组n1=80，对照组n2=75），以问卷形式在干预实施前（t0）及实施后1个月（t1）、6个月（t2）对两组进行痤疮相关知识水平的调查。结果：南通市某中学初一学生患病率为46.8%，性别、BMI是痤疮与否的差异因素（P<0.05）;知识问卷得分（10.6±4.43）分，正确率为44.17%;两种健康教育方式（发放健康教育手册及以互联网和家长为媒介的干预）均能提高痤疮学生的知识水平，其中后者提高知识效果更好。结论：初一学生痤疮患病率居中等水平，对痤疮相关知识了解不足，应对青少年采用多种方法相结合的方式进行健康教育，建议将皮肤科专业医师纳入学校常规体检人员范畴，提高青少年痤疮相关知识水平，降低患病率及瘢痕等后遗症的发生。

[关键词]痤疮;青少年;健康教育模式;家长;互联网

[中图分类号]R758.73+3    [文献标志码]A    [文章编号]1008-6455（2021）03-0037-04

Study of Investigation on Acne-related Knowledge Level and Intervention Strategies of Middle School Students in Nantong

CAO Chun-yan1 ，LIU Qian2

（1.Nursing Department;2.the Fourth Disease Area，Hospital for Skin Diseases，Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences，Nanjing 210042，Jiangsu，China）

Abstract： Objective To understand the prevalence rate of acne and the level of acne-related knowledge among the Grade 7 junior high school students in Nantong， and to explore the influencing factors of acne and find out the effect way of health education methods on improving the level of acne-related knowledge in adolescents， thus to provide a basis for the formulation of acne health education strategies. Methods   ①A descriptive cross-sectional study （n0=407） was used to investigate the general data and acne-related knowledge level of Grade 7 junior high school students in Nantong in the form of questionnaire.②By using the quasi-experimental method， the students with acne were divided into two groups （intervention group n1=80， control group n2=75）. The level of acne related knowledge in the two groups was investigated by questionnaire before the implementation of the intervention （t0） and 1 month （t1） and 6 months （t2） after the implementation of the intervention. Results The prevalence rate of Grade 7 junior high school students in Nantong was 46.8%， gender and BMI were the difference factors of acne or not （P<0.05），the correct rate of knowledge questionnaire was 44.17% （10.60±4.43）points.Two methods of health education （distribution of health education manuals and intervention through parents based on the interne） can improve the knowledge level of acne students， of which the latter is more effective. Conclusion  The prevalence rate of acne in Grade 7 of junior high school is in the middle level，and there is a lack of knowledge about acne. Teenagers should adopt a combination of methods to carry out health education based on the education objective， and dermatologists should be included in the routine physical examination in schools， aims to improve the level of acne-related knowledge in adolescents， thus to reduce the prevalence rate and scar occurrence.

Key words： acne; adolescent; health education method; parents; internet

痤疮是一种常见的毛囊皮脂腺慢性炎症性疾病，好发于青少年[1]。以粉刺、丘疹、脓疱、结节为临床表现，后期常遗留瘢痕，由于其好发于面部，严重影响了青少年外貌、心理健康和生活质量[2-4]。心理、饮食和个人习惯等影响着痤疮的发生和发展，不正确的处理方式会导致严重的并发症，如永久性瘢痕[5]。考虑到家长是青少年的主要照顾者，对其健康习惯的养成，就医渠道及日用品选择方面有显著的影响和决定作用，因此，将父母纳入对青少年的健康教育干预方案就显得尤为重要[6-7]。本研究将目标人群定位为痤疮初发年龄的青少年，旨在了解这一人群中痤疮患病率及相关因素，并探讨不同的健康教育策略对提高青少年痤疮患者对疾病相关知识水平的认知效果，为后续健康教育的策略制定提供依据。……