福建省山地水土流失防控与循环农业耦合发展模式与对策

王利民，李昱，邱孝煊，栗方亮，黄东风

摘要：由于山區降雨量大、土壤抗蚀性差，以及人为不合理开发等原因，福建省山区水土流失问题严重。因此，开展福建山地水土流失防治工作意义重大。但山区水土流失防控是一项系统工程，需要注重发挥绿色优势，合理利用资源，尤其是在水土流失综合治理过程中，探索现代循环农业发展之路。梳理归纳了山区典型的循环农业发展模式：以资源综合利用为主线的农业生态经济开发模式;以特色产业为主导的农业开发模式;以微生物为核心的农业发展模式;以沼气工程为纽带的农业循环模式;以秸秆废弃物循环利用为中心的农业发展模式;以流域为单元的农业综合开发模式。同时，提出了山地水土流失防控与现代循环农业耦合发展对策，以期为福建省山区水土流失区循环农业的发展提供参考。

关键词：福建省;山地;水土保持;循环农业;耦合发展

中图分类号：S 284文献标志码：A文章编号：0253-2301（2021）02-0055-08

DOI： 1013651/jcnkifjnykj202102011

Coupling Development Modes and Countermeasures on the Prevention and Control of

Soil Erosion in Mountainous Areas of Fujian and Circular Agriculture

WANG Limin1，2， LI Yu2， QIU Xiaoxuan2， LI Fangliang2， HUANG Dongfeng2*

（1. Fujian Key Laboratory of Agroproducts Quality and Safety， Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences，

Fuzhou， Fujian 350013， China; 2. Institute of Soil and Fertilizer， Fujian Academy of

Agricultural Sciences， Fuzhou， Fujian 350012， China）

Abstract： The problem of water and soil erosion is serious in the mountainous areas of Fujian Province because of the heavy rainfall， poor soil antierodibility and unreasonable human exploitation. Therefore， it is of great significance to carry out the prevention and control of water and soil erosion in the mountainous areas of Fujian. However， the prevention and control of water and soil erosion in the mountainous areas is a systematic project， and it is necessary to give full play to the advantages of green and make rational use of resources， especially in the process of comprehensive control of water and soil erosion， the development path of modern circular agriculture should be explored. The typical development modes of circular agriculture in the mountainous areas were summarized in this paper， including the agricultural ecological economic development mode with the comprehensive utilization of resources as the main line， the agricultural development mode dominated by the characteristic industries， the agricultural development mode with the microorganism as the core， the agricultural circulation mode with the biogas project as the link， the agricultural development mode centered on the recycling of straw waste， and the comprehensive agricultural development mode with the watershed as the unit. At the same time， the coupling development countermeasures on the prevention and control of water and soil erosion in the mountainous areas and the modern circular agriculture were put forward， in order to provide reference for the development of circular agriculture in the water and soil erosion areas of mountainous areas in Fujian.

Key words： Fujian Province; Mountain; Water and soil conservation; Circular agriculture; Coupling development

中国属于多山国家，山区面积占全国总面积69%，山区人口占全国总人口56%。福建更是素有“八山一水一分田”之称，山地丘陵面积占824%，其中，坡度≥25°的山地占308%。山多坡陡，加之花岗岩和紫色页砂岩土壤抗蚀力弱，以及台风暴雨形成的强降水侵蚀力和人为活动破坏天然植被，造成植被水土保持功能下降，从而加剧了山地水土流失[1]。历史上，福建水土流失地区主要集中在戴云山山脉东坡的低山丘陵和以长汀县为中心的西南内陆丘陵。……