心血管科不同年龄段护士心理弹性水平调查及对策

董焕英 刘萍

[摘要] 目的 探討心血管科不同年龄段护士心理弹性水平，为心血管疾病救护储备护士人才以及为不同年龄段护士心理困扰制定针对性干预方法提供参考。 方法 2020年5—7月，采用滚雪球和方便抽样法，应用一般资料问卷和心理弹性量表对北京5家三级综合医院262名心血管科护士进行调查，对不同年龄段护士心理弹性水平进行比较分析。 结果 262名护士中90后82名（31.30%），80后139名（53.05%），70后41名（15.65%）。262名护士心理弹性水平的总分为（70.81±13.75）分，不同年龄段护士在心理弹性水平较差、一般和良好方面，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;心理弹性水平优秀方面比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。不同年龄段护士心理弹性乐观性维度得分比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），力量性和坚韧性维度得分比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 心血管科不同年龄段护士心理弹性水平总分均高于中国常模。不同年龄段护士心理弹性水平优秀的均占少数，心理弹性水平一般和良好的以80后为主，其次是90后，心理弹性水平较差的以70后最少。护理管理者应重视不同年龄段护士的心理状况评估，制定针对性干预措施，促进护士心理健康，为心血管疾病救治储备最佳护理人才。

[关键词] 心血管科;不同年龄段;护士;心理弹性水平

[中图分类号] R473.5          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）08-0159-05

Investigation and countermeasures of psychological resilience levels of cardiovascular nurses in different age groups

DONG Huanying   LIU Ping

Department of Cardiovascular Center， Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University， Beijing   100730， China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the psychological resilience levels of cardiovascular nurses in different age groups， so as to provide reference for reserving nurses′talents for cardiovascular disease rescue and formulating targeted intervention methods for nurses′ psychological distress in different age groups. Methods By using snowballing and convenient sampling method，a total of 262 cardiovascular nurses from May to July 2020 in 5 tertiary general hospitals in Beijing were investigated by general data questionnaire and psychological resilience scale.The psychological resilience level of nurses of different ages was compared and analyzed. Results Among 262 nurses， 82（31.30%） nurses were born in 1990s， 139（53.05%） nurses were born in 1980s， and 41（15.65%） nurses were born in 1970s. The total score of psychological resilience of 262 nurses was （70.81±13.75）points. There were statistically significant differences in poor， fair and good psychological resilience among nurses in different age groups（P<0.05）， but there was no statistically significant difference in excellent psychological resilience level（P>0.05）.There was significant difference in the scores of psychological resilience in optimism dimension among nurses in different age groups（P<0.05）， but there were no statistically significant differences in both strength and tenacity dimension（P>0.05）. Conclusion The total score of psychological resilience levels of cardiovascular nurses in different age groups is higher than that of Chinese norm. There are a few nurses with excellent psychological resilience in all different age groups. Those with fair and good psychological resilience level are mainly born in 1980s，followed by those born in 1990s，and among nurses born in 1970s， there are the least people with relatively poor psychological resilience. Nursing managers should pay attention to the psychological assessment of nurses in different age groups，formulate targeted intervention measures， promote nurses′ psychological health，and reserve the best nursing talents for cardiovascular disease treatment.

[Key words] Department of cardiovascular; Different age groups; Nurses; Psychological resilience level

心血管疾病是当今世界上威胁人类健康的疾病之一，《中国心血管病报告2018》指出中国心血管疾病死亡占城乡居民总死亡原因的首位，农村为45.50%[1]，城市为43.16%[1]。心血管疾病发病急且危重，救护时专业技术性强，不管是在心血管门诊、病房、介入导管室还是监护室的护士都承受着巨大的风险和压力，影响了护理工作质量和护士心理健康。……