复杂曲面激光在机测量精度分析与路径优化研究

赵文强　郭威　丁国智

摘  要：基于激光三角法测量原理，分析了激光在机测量精度的影响因素;采用共形映射算法转换复杂曲面三维模型到二维平面，并规划了激光在机测量路径;结合有向包围盒算法控制了传感器的扫描姿态，提高了测量精度与测量效率，实现了对激光在机测量路径的优化。开展了线激光在机测量复杂曲面实验，结果表明，与现有的测量策略相比，优化后的激光在机测量精度与效率明显提升。

关键词：激光在机测量;测量精度;路径规划;共形映射

中图分类号：TP212      文献标识码：A文章编号：2096-4706（2021）20-0160-04

Research on Accuracy Analysis and Path Optimization of Complex Curved Surface Laser on-Machine Measurement

ZHAO Wenqiang GUO Wei DING Guozhi

（1.Beijing Xinghang Electro-mechanical Equipment Co.， Ltd.， Beijing  100074， China; 2.Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics， Nanjing  210016， China）

Abstract： Based on the principle of laser triangulation， the influencing factors of laser on-machine measurement accuracy are analyzed; the conformal mapping algorithm is used to convert the three-dimensional model of complex curved surface to two-dimensional plane， and the laser on-machine measurement path is planned; combined with the directed bounding box algorithm， the scanning attitude of the sensor is controlled， the measurement accuracy and efficiency are improved， and the laser on-machine measurement path is optimized. The experiment of line laser on-machine measurement complex curved surface is carried out， the results show that compared with the existing measurement strategies， the accuracy and efficiency of the optimized laser on-machine measurement are significantly improved.

Keywords： laser on-machine measurement; measurement accuracy; path planning; conformal mapping

0  引  言

复杂曲面零件在航空航天领域中应用广泛，如航空发动机叶片、火箭舱体燃料贮箱壁板等[1]。复杂曲面零件的加工工序和工艺往往难度较大，难以满足其加工精度要求[2]。在机测量能在避免拆装的情况下检测出加工误差并及时对加工参数进行调整，从而实现加工与测量的一体化结合，提高加工过程的柔性与自适应性，已成为复杂零件的高效精密加工重要工艺环节。按测量方式的不同，在机测量分为接触式与非接触式两种，探针测量是接触式在机测量的主要手段，非接触式测量形式多样如激光测量、磁测量与超声测量等。激光在机测量因其具有非接触、效率高、信息全的优势，已成为测量复杂曲面零件的重要手段之一。针对激光在机测量的过程中存在测量精度不足的问题，王永青分析了入射姿态变化对激光三角法的影响，建立了入射角度对点激光测量精度的模型并进行了实验分析[3]。……