马铃薯试管薯无土基质繁育原原种技术规程

2021-05-11 19:10:55高彦萍张武吕和平吴雁斌梁宏杰
甘肃农业科技 2021年2期

高彦萍 张武 吕和平 吴雁斌 梁宏杰

摘要:从范围、规范性引用文件、术语和定义、试管薯规格、繁育的种薯级别、基本要求、繁育原原种等方面制定了马铃薯试管薯无土基质繁育原原种技术规程。

关键词:马铃薯试管薯;无土基质;繁育;原原种

中图分类号:S532        文献标志码:B        文章编号:1001-1463(2021)02-0083-04

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.02.021

Composition and Influencing Factors of Flavor in Tomato Fruit

ZHANG Li 1, 2, HU Zhifeng 1, 2, SHAO Jingcheng 1, 2, GENG Xinjun 1, 2

(1. Institute of Vegetables, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China; 2. Northwest Vegetable Science Observation and Experimental Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China)

Abstract:The flavor of tomatoes is determined by the volatile compounds formed during the ripening process of tomatoes, which to a certain extent determines the choice of consumers to buy tomatoes. The substances that determine the flavor of tomatoes undergo dynamic changes during the ripening process of tomatoes, from initial release to aroma enrichment to depletion, and are affected by many factors. In order to understand how to speed up the preparation period of aroma material synthesis, prolong the accumulation period of aroma material enrichment, and reduce the loss period of aroma material as far as possible, the key ways and key substances of tomato aroma material synthesis were expounded, so as to provide reference for the improvement of tomato flavor quality.

Key words:Tomato; Fruit flavor; Aroma; Aromatic substances; Biosynthetic pathway; Impact factors

馬铃薯是一种产量高、适应性强、分布广、营养丰富、经济价值高的宜粮、宜菜、宜饲、宜作工业原料的经济作物[1 - 3 ]。马铃薯品种在生产中长期无性繁殖,造成病毒积累,种性退化,产量降低,品质变劣,降低或失去种用价值,因此,生产原原种对马铃薯产业意义重大[4 - 6 ]。GB 18133《马铃薯种薯》中将试管薯等同于试管苗,GB/T 29376 — 2012《马铃薯脱毒原原种繁育技术规程》、GB/T 29377—2012《马铃薯脱毒种薯级别与检验技术规程》、NY/T 1212—2006《马铃薯脱毒种薯繁育技术规程》中将试管薯等同于原原种。试管薯在严格无菌条件下培养生产,质量与试管苗等同,因此可以将试管薯等同于试管苗,作为繁育原原种的初始材料。也可以直接利用试管薯大田直播繁育原种。

利用试管薯繁育下一级脱毒种薯,通过2种栽培途径进行。一是无土基质栽培,采用试管薯无土基质栽培方式在防虫网、温室等隔离条件下繁育原原种。二是大田土壤栽培,采用大田土壤直播在防虫网隔离条件下或高海拔无蚜区繁育原种。我们将试管薯分级利用、小号规格试管薯(< 0.10 g)无土基质栽培、大中号规格试管薯(> 0.10 g)大田土壤栽培繁育脱毒种薯的整套技术,在种薯企业或合作社进行了推广应用。其中,小号规格试管薯在蛭石中无土栽培繁育原原种,平均生产合格薯(>2.0 g,下同)384.00万粒/ hm2,较组培苗增加了8.70%,合格薯增多30.75万粒/hm2,增收5.55万元/hm2。现……

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