马世明
【摘 要】培养学生的数学思维能力新课标的要求。小学数学思维的培养是為中学乃至大学的数学学习打下基础。数学思维本身具有丰富的内涵,小学教学中提到的数学思维能力主要包括逻辑思维能力、数字运算能力、空间想象能力、提出和解决实际问题的能力。教师在实际教学中应当从培养这些能力方面入手,把情境式的教学氛围与学生实际操作结合在一起,鼓励学生自主探索和解决问题,培养学生的数学思维能力。
【关键词】小学数学;思维能力;教学
中图分类号:G623.5 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0493-2099(2021)10-0067-03
On the Cultivation of Mathematics Thinking Ability of Middle School Students in Primary School Mathematics Teaching
(Jikou Central Primary School, Jikou Town, Qinzhou District, Tianshui City, Gansu Province,China) MA ShiMing
【Abstract】The requirements of the new curriculum standard for cultivating students' mathematical thinking ability. The cultivation of mathematics thinking in primary school is to lay the foundation for mathematics learning in middle school and even university. Mathematical thinking itself has rich connotations, and the mathematical thinking ability mentioned in primary school teaching mainly includes logical thinking ability, digital operation ability, spatial imagination ability, and the ability to put forward and solve practical problems. In practical teaching, teachers should start with the cultivation of these abilities, combine situational teaching atmosphere with students' practical operation, encourage students to explore and solve problems independently, and cultivate students' mathematical thinking ability.
【Keywords】Primary school mathematics; Thinking ability; Teaching
一、数学思维能力的具体内涵
“数学思维”这个概念定义广泛,它是指数学学习中的一种特定思维,要求学生在面对数学的时候能够将数字形象化,从而形成数学运算。从小学教学的角度看,数学思维可以被拆解成几个方面的能力:逻辑思维能力、数字运算能力、空间想象能力、提出和解决实际问题的能力。培养学生的这些能力是新课标中明确提出的小学教学应该达到的目标。
逻辑思维能力是指正确、合理思考的能力。即对事物进行观察、比较、分析、综合、抽象、概括、判断、推理的能力,采用科学的逻辑方法,准确而有条理地表达自己思维过程的能力。小学数学中经常用到的逻辑思维方法包括:演绎法、归纳法、分类法、比较法、综合法、分析法;概括法、抽象法。演绎法和归纳法是数学研究中常用的两种方法,这两种方法同样适用于小学数学教学。……