国内外车辆唯一性识别技术发展现状

2021-05-18 13:39:21马明月
汽车与安全 2021年2期

马明月

摘 要:车辆唯一性认定是车辆安全管理工作的重要环节,通过辨识车身上打刻的车辆识别代号可以判断车辆身份是否被篡改,是发现车辆盗抢、非法改装、非法拼装等车辆违法行为的重要手段。但是随着车辆识别代号伪造技术不断发展,通过眼看手摸方法来识别车辆唯一性信息其可靠性和准确性不能满足当前车辆安全管理的需求。本文梳理了国内外车辆唯一性识别技术的作用机理、辨识方法、可靠性、使用成本等情况,对提高我国现有的车辆唯一性识别方法和技术具备一定借鉴意义。

关键词:车辆安全;车辆管理;唯一性

Development status of vehicle uniqueness recognition technology at home and abroad

MA Mingyue(Research Institute for Road Safety of MPS,Beijing 100062,China)

Abstract: Vehicle uniqueness identification is an important part of vehicle safety management. By identifying the vehicle identification number engraved on the vehicle body, we can judge whether the vehicle identity has been tampered. It is an important means to discover the illegal behaviors of vehicles, such as vehicle theft, illegal modification, illegal assembly, etc.. However, with the development of vehicle identification number forgery technology, the reliability and accuracy of identifying the unique information of vehicles by human experience method can not meet the needs of current vehicle safety management. This paper summarizes the current situation of vehicle uniqueness identification technology at home and abroad, such as mechanism, identification method, reliability, use cost, etc.. It can be used to improve the existing vehicle uniqueness recognition methods and technologies in China.

Keywords: Vehicle safety; vehicle management; uniqueness

1 引言

车辆识别代号(Vehicle Identification Number, VIN)是識别车辆唯一性的重要信息。VIN由一组17位的字母和阿拉伯数字组成,从VIN中可以识别出车辆的生产国、制造公司或厂家、车的类型、品牌、车型系列、车身形式、发动机型号、车型年款、安全防护装置型号、检验数字、装配工厂名称、出厂顺序号码等信息。车辆出厂时会被分配指定的VIN,根据国家标准GB 7258的规定,车上重要部件,如发动机、变速器、驱动电机(电动汽车)、ESP 等都要求打刻VIN或粘贴VIN条码,发动机ECU应储存可被读取的VIN信息。VIN在车辆安全管理工作中一直发挥着重要作用,广泛应用于车辆销售、查验、维修、缺陷产品召回等环节。但近年来由于VIN 伪造技术越发成熟,技术成本不断减低,盗抢车、非法改装车、报废拼装车等不合规车辆为了获得合法身份,通过打磨重新打刻、刷写软件等方式更改车辆原有的VIN信息,这类车辆一旦上路将严重影响道路交通安全,如何提高车辆唯一性信息的安全性是车辆安全管理领域的重要课题。……

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