中考阅读理解推理判断题实例解析

吴晓明

推理判断题是每年中考的必考题型之一，也是英语阅读理解中难度较大的题型。它要求考生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的推理与判断。推理与判断两者密不可分，推理是为了判断，判断依赖于推理。考生要运用逻辑能力推论出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义。因此，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理，从而理解文章的深层次含义。

推理判断题一般分为逻辑推理、观点态度、目的意图、文章出处四个命题方向。下面就这四个常见出题方式解析如下：

（一） 逻辑推理

常见所提问题：

1. What can we infer from the last sentence？

2. What do you think would happen （to… ） at the end of the story？

3. We can learn/ infer from the last paragraph that…

例题一

（2020·辽宁·沈阳）In fact， horses are their nearest relatives. Zebras are famous for their black and white stripes （条纹）.  Each zebra’s pattern （图案） of stripes is different. The patterns look similar， but they are unique like humans’fingerprints （指纹）. No two have the same pattern. How do zebras protect themselves from their enemies？ They can stay alive because they run fast to avoid lions and other enemies.

What can we infer （推断）from Paragraph （段落）Three？

A. Zebras are all from Asia.

B. Lions may catch the slow zebras.

C. Zebras are black or white.

D. Lions always live by themselves.

此题为逻辑推理题。根据“They can stay alive because they run fast to avoid lions and other  enemies.它们可以活下来，因为它们跑得很快，可以避开狮子和其他敌人。”可知，狮子可能会抓住跑得慢的斑马。故选B。

例题二

（2020·广西·桂林）We camped for five nights and it was freezing every night！ However，we had a really nice campsite.  I had a great time and would definitely be returning the next year！

We can possibly infer according to the passage that .

A. Leeds Festival usually lasts six days

B. people can enjoy delicious food silently in Leeds Festival

C. the writer was satisfied with the weather in  Leeds Festival

D. the writer enjoyed seeing Arctic Monkeys since he liked alternative  music

此題为逻辑推理题。根据“We camped for five nights and it was freezing every night！”可知，作者野营了5天，因此判断音乐节要持续6天。故选A。

（二）观点态度

常见所提问题：

1. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage？

2. From the passage we can conclude that…

3. Sb. believed that…

例题一

（2020·北京）But what it will not achieve is the warmth of human interaction and touch.  Patients often need someone to listen to—and care about—their journey story， which will never be realized through a human-less technology. Technology should be a tool，but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects. Let’s not allow our humanity to be one of them.

The writer probably agrees that .

A. technology can deal with unexpected effects

B. telemedicine can take the place of usual health care

C. it is difficult for patients to adapt to the new technology age

D. techno-health care should take humanity into consideration

此题为观点态度题。根据“Technology should be a tool，but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects.  Let’s not allow our humanity to be one of them.” 可知，作者认为科技应该是一种工具，我们不允许人性也成为科技的一部分，因此判断作者会同意的观点是电子医疗应该考虑人性。故选D。

例题二

（2020·湖南·湘潭）Until recently， scientists believed that laughter was a human behaviour only. They argued that people find jokes funny because we can put ourselves in another person’s shoes， and that animals can’t do that. People don’t all have the same sense of humor.  Sometimes there isn’t any joke，or we may not have heard it but we laugh because the people around us are laughing. How long and how loud we would laugh are also shared.  We just go on following the example with one another until the laughter fades away （消失）.

Scientists believed that .

A. people have the same sense of humor

B. both human and animals can find jokes funny

C. sometimes some people laugh because people around them do so

此題为观点态度题。根据“People don’t all have the same sense of humor.” 可知，并不是所有人幽默感都一样，A错误;根据“They argued that people find jokes funny because we can put ourselves in another person’s shoes， and that animals can’t do that.” 可知，只有人能感受到笑话好笑，动物不能，B错误;根据“Sometimes there isn’t any joke，or we may not have heard it but we laugh because the people around us are laughing.” 可知，有时人们笑是因为身边的人在笑。……