基于SRAP的辣木种质资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析

林宗铿 张天翔 杨俊杰

摘  要：为探讨辣木（Moringa spp.）种质资源间的遗传关系，采用相关序列扩增多态性（sequence-related amplified polymorphism， SRAP）分子标记方法对18份辣木种质资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行分析。结果表明，从170对引物中筛选出13对多态性较高的引物组合，共扩增出104条清晰稳定的条带，平均多态性条带百分率达62.50%。遗传多样性参数分别为等位基因数（Na）为1.6250，有效等位基因数（Ne）为1.4777，基因多样性指数（H）为0.2632，香农信息指数（I）为0.3797，说明18份辣木种质资源间有较高的遗传多样性。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明，18份辣木种质资在遗传相似系数0.732水平上，可分了3个群，来自非洲卢旺达的狭瓣辣木[M. stenopetala（Baker f.） Cufod.]具有较远的亲缘关系，单独聚类为一个类群Ⅲ;其余样品则分别聚类为类群Ⅰ和类群Ⅱ，类群Ⅰ共11份材料，主要为来源于印度的多油辣木（M. oleifera Lam.）及其改良种‘PKM1和‘PKM2，类群Ⅱ共6份材料，主要为来源于我国云南和海南的多油辣木及其改良种‘PKM1和PKM2。SRAP标记反映了辣木种质资源间的遗传关系，本研究结果为辣木杂交育种的亲本选择提供了科學基础。

关键词：辣木;SRAP;遗传多样性;亲缘关系中图分类号：Q949.748.5      文献标识码：A

Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Relationship among 18 Moringa Species Based on SRAP Marker

LIN Zongkeng， ZHANG Tianxiang， YANG Junjie

Fujian Institute of Tropical Crops， Zhangzhou， Fujian 363001， China

Abstract： Sequence-related amplified polymorphism （SRAP） molecular marker was used to analyze the genetic diversity and relationship among 18 Moringa species in this study. A total of 104 bands were amplified from 18 tested germplasm resources by 13 pairs of core primer combinations selected from 170 pairs of primers. The average percentage of polymorphism was 62.50%. Observed alleles were 1.6250， effective alleles were 1.4777， Neis gene diversity was 0.2632 and Shannons information index was 0.3797， which showed 18Moringaspecies existed high genetic diversity. According to Neis genetic similarity coefficient， when the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.732， theMoringagermplasms could be divided into three categories. Among the 18 germplasms， apart fromM. stenopetala（Baker f.） Cufod.， the rest materials were in category I or category II. Thereinto， category II contained 11 germplasms， mainly includingM. oleiferaLam.， its improved species ‘PKM1 and ‘PKM2， which derived from India. Besides，M. oleiferaLam.， its improved species ‘PKM1 and ‘PKM2 which came from Hainan and Yunnan， China were clustered into category II.M. stenopetala（Baker f.） Cufod. which came from Rwanda was clustered in group III， indicating this material had further relationship with others. SRAP molecular marker reflects the genetic relationship amongMoringaspecies and would provide a theoretical basis for the selection ofMoringa hybrid parents.

Keywords： Moringa; SRAP; genetic diversity; genetic relationships

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.04.005

辣木（Moringa spp.）为辣木亚目（Moringineae）辣木科（Moringaceae）辣木属（MoringaAdans.）植物，是单科单属植物^[1]。辣木原产于印度、巴基斯坦等南亚国家以及阿拉伯半岛及非洲大陆，具有独特的经济价值和营养保健作用。辣木各个部位如叶、花、果、种子等均可食用，特别是辣木叶含有较高的蛋白质、维生素和矿物质等营养成分^[2-5]。辣木叶、花、果等部位还含有丰富的植物多糖、黄酮类、生物碱、酚类等多种活性成分，具有降血糖、降血脂、抗肿瘤、抗炎抑菌等作用，有较高的药用价值^[6-8]。……