秦曼 蒋健
摘 要:美国开发的基于课堂观察的体育教师效能评价工具表现出两方面特性:一方面基于教育和评价理论,建立评价指标和评价流程,严格保证评价者资质,不断优化评价工具的信度和效度;另一方面通过实证研究识别体育教师有效课堂教学行为,为教师教学质量的诊断和改进提供重要参考。未来我国应从研发本土化评价工具、培养专业化评价人员、遵循规范性评价流程及建立互动型反馈机制4个方面优化体育教师效能评价的质量。
关 键 词:学校体育;体育教师效能;课堂观察;评价工具;美国
中图分类号:G807 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2021)02-0080-05
Abstract: The evaluation tool for PE teacher effectiveness based on classroom observation developed by the United States shows two characteristics: on the one hand, based on the evaluation theory and education, establishing the evaluating indicators and evaluation process, strictly guaranteeing the qualification of assessors, and constantly optimizing the reliability and validity of the evaluation tools; on the other hand, identifying the effective classroom teaching behavior of PE teachers through empirical research, which provides an important reference for the diagnosis and improvement of teachers' teaching quality. This paper analyzes the evaluation tools of American PE teacher effectiveness, and holds that in the future, China should optimize the quality of PE teacher effectiveness evaluation from four aspects as follows: developing localized evaluation tools, training professional assessors, following the standardized evaluation process, and establishing interactive feedback mechanism.
Key words: school physical education;PE teacher effectiveness;classroom observation;evaluation tools;USA
隨着《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010—2020年)》《义务教育体育与健康课程标准》(2011年版)以及《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》等文件的相继出台,国家明确提出把提高质量作为体育教育改革发展的核心任务,制定不同学段学生所要达到的体育课程目标,要求强化体育课教学效果。2020年6月中央全面深化改革委员会第十四次会议审议通过《深化新时代教育评价改革总体方案》,指出教育评价事关教育发展方向,要求建立科学、符合时代要求的教育评价制度和机制。一系列文件的颁布为我国体育教育改革以及教育评价改革明确了方向,通过评价改革促进体育教育质量提升是需要深入思考的问题。
本研究选取3种经过广泛运用和验证的美国基于课堂观察的体育教……