奶牛酮病诱发因素与防治

摘要：奶牛酮病是对奶牛危害较大的代谢障碍性疾病，已成为制约奶牛业快速发展的瓶颈。酮病经常发生于高产奶牛，严重影响奶牛的生产性能，给奶牛场带来巨大的经济损失。该文阐述酮病的危害、诱发酮病的因素、病状及有效的防控措施，以期提高奶牛的泌乳量，改善牛乳品质，提高养牛的效益。

关键词：奶牛酮病;危害;临床症状;防控

中图分类号：S858.23          文献标识码：B        doi：10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.21.030

Inducing Factors and Control of Ketosis in Dairy Cattle

Abstract：Ketosis is a metabolic disorder that does great harm to dairy cows.It has become a bottleneck that restricts the rapid development of dairy industry.Ketosis often occurs in high-yield dairy cows，which seriously affects the production performance of dairy cows and brings huge economic losses to dairy farms.According to the occurrence of Ketosis in local area，the harm of Ketosis，the factors of inducing Ketosis，the symptom of Ketosis and the effective prevention and control measures were expounded in detail in order to improve the milk yield，the quality of milk and the benefit of raising cows.

Keywords：ketosis，harm，clinical symptoms，prevention and control

引言

奶牛酮病是奶牛经常发生的一种营养代谢障碍性疾病，尤其高产奶牛最易发生。奶牛在分娩前后的几天或者几周内由于体内碳水化合物摄入不足导致能量出现负平衡引起糖类、脂肪的代谢障碍，典型的症状为低血糖、酮血、酮尿、酮乳，消化机能出现紊乱，泌乳量和体重下降，病情严重的奶牛甚至出现神经症状。诱发奶牛酮病的病因较多，病情比较复杂。3～5胎的高产奶牛最易发病，发病高峰出现在产后1～3周。奶牛发生酮病后，很少会引起死亡，但是会使泌乳量下降，乳成分发生改变，乳品质下降，甚至会引起奶牛继发性不孕等疾病，造成的损失较大。

1 酮病危害

1.1 酮病对泌乳量和乳品质的影响

奶牛发生酮病后，会对泌乳量和乳品质产生很大的影响，尤其对高产奶牛影响更大。在泌乳早期发生酮病，奶牛就很难达到泌乳高峰。张瑞华[1]研究发现，在产前1～2周，随着β-羟丁酸浓度的升高，泌乳量会显著下降，且乳品质也会发生改变，乳脂率会上升，乳蛋白的含量降低。

1.2 酮病可继发多种产后疾病