基于B/S架构的作物秸秆科学还田V1.0软件研发

刘宇锋 莫辉德 范如芹

摘  要：为解决作物秸秆还田量和化肥配施量的理论计算问题，研发了一款基于网络B/S构架的作物秸秆科学还田专家系统V1.0应用软件。软件以养分平衡为理论基础，作物目标产量的需氮量与土壤供氮量的差值由还田秸秆和配施化肥提供，秸秆与化肥配施的碳氮比为条件构建计算模型，依托网络服务器的运算能力，计算秸秆还田量和化肥配施量。从软件架构、软件功能、操作流程等进行说明，为作物秸秆科学还田和本软件推广应用提供理论支撑。

关键词：养分平衡理论;B/S架构;秸秆还田量;化肥配施量;软件

中图分类号：TP319      文献标识码：A 文章编号：2096-4706（2021）01-0001-06

Research and Development of V1.0 Software for Crop Straw Scientific Returning Based on B/S Architecture

LIU Yufeng，MO Huide，Fan Ruqin

（Agricultural Resources and Environment Research Institute，Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Nanning  530007，China）

Abstract：In order to solve the theoretical calculation of crop straw returning amount and combined application rate of chemical fertilizer，a V1.0 application software of crop straw scientific returning expert system based on network B/S framework was developed. Based on the theory of nutrient balance，the difference between the nitrogen demand of crop target yield and the nitrogen supply of soil is provided by straw returning and combined application rate of chemical fertilizer，and the carbon nitrogen ratio of straw and combined application rate of chemical fertilizer is used as the condition to build the calculation model. Relying on the computing ability of network server，the straw returning and combined rate application of chemical fertilizer are calculated. From the software architecture，software function，operation process and so on，it can provide theoretical support for the scientific returning of crop straw and the application of the software.

Keywords：nutrient balance theory;B/S architecture;straw returning amount;combined application rate of chemical fertilizer;software

0  引  言

作物秸稈是农业生产的主要副产品，是一种重要的多用途可再生农业生物质资源[1]。作物秸秆还田是一项当前农业生产中普遍推广与应用的降本增效农艺措施，其具有改善土壤理化性状[2，3]，提高土壤肥力[4，5]，降低化肥施用量[6]，增加土壤微生物活性[7-9]，避免秸秆焚烧[10，11]，改善农业生态环境[12]等显著作用，是促进农业可持续发展的必然要求[13]。秸秆还田主要有秸秆直接粉碎还田、秸秆腐熟还田和秸秆过腹还田等3种主要形式[14]。秸秆直接粉碎还田是作物秸秆资源化利用最主要的方式，并且也是控制秸秆焚烧最经济、最有效的手段，是消化农作物秸秆的主要途径之一[6]，具有显著的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益[15]。

在秸秆还田推广应用中普遍存在3个方面的问题：

（1）秸秆还田量不易控制，秸秆还田量过多或过少，秸秆还田效果都不理想;