氨基多糖对连作西瓜生长与土壤环境的影响

戚嘉琦 王玮 仲秀娟 孙玉东 吴传万 陈伯清

摘 要：針对西瓜连作障碍问题，研究了不同浓度下2种分子质量的氨基多糖对连作西瓜生物学与土壤环境的影响。利用盆栽试验，分析不同肥料1（甲壳素）和肥料2（氨基多糖水溶肥）对连作西瓜生长和土壤养分、酶活性及微生物群落的影响。结果表明，肥料1和肥料2对西瓜生长和土壤环境均有一定影响。在肥料1施用量为3 g·kg-1时的综合效果最佳，西瓜平均株高为157.67 cm、干质量为11.00 g、蔗糖酶活性为18.08 mg·g-1·24 h-1、脲酶活性为0.93 mg·g-1·24 h-1、真菌数量为30.67×104 cfu·g-1、细菌数量为47.33×105 cfu·g-1。与对照相比，西瓜的株高和干质量分别提高60.02%、139.71%，蔗糖酶活性增加62.35%、脲酶活性增加29.98%、真菌数量减少36.54%、细菌数量增加2.8倍。综上所述，施用3 g·kg-1肥料1有利于促进西瓜生长、提高土壤酶活性、改善土壤微生物群落结构。研究结果可为缓解西瓜连作障碍提供理论依据。

关键词：西瓜;连作障碍;甲壳素;氨基多糖;生长;土壤环境

中图分类号：S651+S344.4 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）02-018-005

Effects of aminopolysaccharide on growth and soil environment of continuous cropping watermelon influence

QI Jiaqi1，2， WANG Wei2， ZHONG Xiujuan2， SUN Yudong2， WU Chuanwan2， CHEN Boqing1

（1. College of Life Science and Food Engineering， Huaiyin Institute of Technology， Huaian 223002， Jiangsu， China; 2. Huaiyin Agricultural Science Research Institute in Xuhuai Area， Jiangsu Province， Huaian 223001， Jiangsu， China）

Abstract： To study the continuous cropping obstacles of watermelon， the effects of two molecular weight amino polysaccharides at different concentrations on biology and soil environment of watermelon continuous cropping. The pot experiment was carried out， the effects of the Fertilizer 1（Chitin） and the Fertilizer 2（Amino polysaccharide water-soluble fertilizer） at different concentrations on the growth and soil nutrients were investigated， enzyme activity and microbial community of continuous cropping watermelon were observed.The results showed that the watermelon growth and soil environment were certain affected by Fertilizer 1 and the Fertilizer 2. When treated by 3 g·kg-1 Fertilizer 1， the comprehensive effect was the best， the plant average length of watermelon plant was 157.67 cm， the dry plant weight was 11.00 g， sucrase activity was 18.08 mg·g-1·24h-1， urease activity was 0.93 mg·g-1·24h-1， the number of fungus was 30.67×104 cfu·g-1 and the number of bacteria was 47.33×105 cfu·g-1. Compared with the control group， the watermelon plant length， dry plant weight， the sucrase activity ，urease activity and the number of bacteria increased by 60.02% ， 139.71%， 62.35%29.98% and 2.8 times， respectively， while the number of fungus decreased by 36.54% In conclusion， application of 3g·kg-1 fertilizer 1 was beneficial to promote the growth of watermelon， improve soil enzyme activity， improve soil microbial community structure， which provided a theoretical basis for relieving the continuous cropping obstacles of watermelon.

Key words： Watermelon; Continuous cropping obstacle; Chitin; Aminopolysaccharide; Growth; Soill environment

西瓜是最受人们喜爱的水果之一，目前我国是世界上西瓜产量最大的国家，产量基本占世界总产量的67%以上。随着西瓜产业不断壮大，土壤连作障碍作为影响西瓜产量和品质的最主要因素之一，严重妨碍西瓜产业的健康发展[1]。连作障碍是指在同一块土壤上，在正常的栽培管理模式下连年栽培相同或相近的作物，出现病虫危害、生长减缓和质量产量变低等情况[2]。

克服西瓜连作障碍的主要方法有轮作和嫁接等，除此之外，氨基多糖也是一种可缓解连作障碍的土壤添加剂[3]。……