缅甸检察制度研究

2021-07-05 05:34:35张晓君吴温敏
东南亚纵横 2021年6期

张晓君 吴温敏

摘要:缅甸联邦共和国检察制度受英国影响较大,缅甸联邦最高检察院(原联邦总检察长办公室)是缅甸的最高检察机关,缅甸检察机关的职能范围较广泛,承担政府的法律顾问、国家的公诉人、法律的草拟与审查人等多重角色。缅甸检察机关与中国检察机关在机构设置、参与刑事诉讼和民事诉讼的职权范围、咨询顾问及立法职能上具有明显的差异。文章通过比较分析缅甸检察制度与中国检察制度的异同,深化两国司法环境的了解,为中缅两国共同推进“一带一路”建设提供法律保障。

关键词:缅甸;缅甸检察制度;缅甸法律事务部;中国检察制度

[中图分类号] D933.7             [文献标识码]  A                [文章编号] 1003-2479(2021)06-048-08

A Study on Procuratorial System in Myanmar

ZHANG Xiaojun, (Myanmar)U  Win Myint

Abstract: The procuratorial system of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar is greatly influenced by the United Kingdom. The  Ministry of  Legal  Affairs of  Myanmar(formerly  the  Office  of  the  Attorney-general) is  the  highest procuratorial organ in Myanmar. The procuratorial organ of Myanmar has a wide range of functions, assuming multiple roles such as legal adviser of the government, public prosecutor of the state, drafter of laws, and censor. There are obvious differences between Myanmar's procuratorial organs and those of China in an institutional setting, scope of functions and powers for participating in criminal and civil litigation, consultation, and legislative functions. By comparing and analyzing the similarities and differences of the procuratorial system in Myanmar and in China, this paper deepens the understanding of the judicial environment of the two countries and provides legal guarantees for the joint promotion of the "Belt and Road" construction between China and Myanmar.

Key Words: Myanmar; Prosecution System in Myanmar; Ministry of Myanmar Legal Affairs; Procuratorial System in China

一、缅甸检察制度的历史演进

缅甸检察制度的生成有着其深刻的历史背景,通过对缅甸检察制度形成的历史渊源的考察可以加深对缅甸检察机关独特职能的理解。1824—1885年间,英国先后发动了3次侵缅战争并占领了缅甸。在英国侵占缅甸时,将其最初在印度颁布的法律延伸到缅甸,并在缅甸建立了印度法院等级制度。在英国政府完全吞并缅甸后,成立了民事法庭和刑事法庭,并将其民事诉讼法、刑事诉讼法等法律制度引入缅甸。英国为缅甸引进了一套法律体系处理刑事案件及民事案件,所引入的法律制度不是简单的普通法法律体系的复制品,而是经修改的来自印度的普通法法律体系。它采用普通法的原则,并将其植入由立法机构颁布并赋予法律效力的编纂法或成文法。……

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