长江中下游麦区小麦低多酚氧化酶活性种质的初步鉴定

2021-07-23 02:49:17蔡瑾杨继书翟文玲付必胜张巧凤吴纪中
江苏农业学报 2021年3期

蔡瑾 杨继书 翟文玲 付必胜 张巧凤 吴纪中

摘要: 选取145份长江中下游麦区小麦种质以及1份美国种质和1份意大利种质进行籽粒多酚氧化酶 (PPO)活性分析及2个主效基因等位研究。结果表明长江中下游麦区种质间籽粒PPO活性差异明显,具有很大的遗传改良潜力;运用2个PPO活性主效基因的功能标记检测上述147份种质,发现4种基因型PPO活性均值大小顺序为:Ppo-D1aPpo-D1aPpo-A1bPpo-A1b (L1L1L2L2)

关键词: 小麦;多酚氧化酶活性;种质资源

中图分类号: S512.102.4 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-4440(2021)03-0545-10

Preliminary identification of wheat germplasm with low polyphenol oxidase activity in the wheat region of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River valley

CAI Jin, YANG Ji-shu, ZHAI Wen-ling, FU Bi-sheng, ZHANG Qiao-feng, WU Ji-zhong

(Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China)

Abstract: 145 wheat germplasms of the wheat region in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, an American germplasm and an Italian germplasm were selected for the analysis of grain polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and the study of two allelic variation of major genes. The results showed that, the grain PPO activities between different wheat germplasms of the wheat region in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River varied obviously and had great potential in genetic improvement. After detecting the above 147 germplasms by two functional markers of major genes related to PPO activity, average PPO activities of four genotypes showed the following order: Ppo-D1aPpo-D1aPpo-A1bPpo-A1b (L1L1L2L2)

Key words: wheat;polyphenol oxidase activity;germplasm

小麦面粉及面制品白度是小麦品质改良的重要评价指标。在面粉贮藏与面制品加工過程中,褐变现象非常普遍。褐变不仅会降低面粉或面制品的白度,而且会影响其营养价值[1]。小麦籽粒中高含量多酚氧化酶(PPO)是引起面团酶促褐变的主要原因[2]。在有氧条件下,PPO能够催化酚类底物形成醌,醌在植物体中进一步氧化聚合生成褐色色素,从而导致面团褐变[2-3]。小麦籽粒中PPO活性可以解释面团色泽稳定性的50%~70%[4]。因此,通过遗传育种途径降低PPO活性,对提升小麦面粉白度、保障食品安全具有重要意义。

小麦籽粒PPO活性是多基因控制的数量性状[5-6]。前人通过对多个不同遗传群体以及基因表达分析发现,控制小麦籽粒PPO活性的主效基因位于第2部分同源群染色体上,且2A染色体长臂(2AL)上的Ppo-A1对小麦籽粒PPO活性的影响要大于2D染色体长臂(2DL)上的Ppo-D1[7-12]。同时在其他染色体(例如3B、3D、4B和6B)上也定位到一些微效基因 [8-9,13-16]。国内外多位研究者报道了与PPO活性紧密连锁的分子标记。……

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