栽培模式对宁南地区马铃薯生理特性及产量的影响

杨茜 刘吉利 贺锦红 蔡明 杨亚亚 满本菊 闫承宏 王志丹 吴娜

摘要： 为探讨栽培模式对宁夏南部山区马铃薯生理特性及产量的影响，确定适应该地区马铃薯生产的最佳栽培模式，以青薯9号马铃薯为材料，采用单因素随机区组试验，对比分析露地平作（A1）、露地单垄单行（A2）、露地单垄双行（A3）、半膜单垄双行（A4）、全膜单垄双行（A5）5种栽培模式下马铃薯抗氧化特性及产量的变化特征。结果表明，起垄覆膜处理可以有效降低马铃薯叶片细胞膜透性、游离脯氨酸含量及丙二醛含量，A1、A2处理马铃薯叶片过氧化氢酶活性与A3、A4、A5处理的差异均达到显著水平，超氧化物歧化酶活性表现为覆膜处理与不覆膜处理间存在显著性差异。A5处理马铃薯产量最高，且较A1、A2、A3、A4处理分别高出83.8%、53.3%、21.4%、12.9%。综上所述，起垄、覆膜处理可以显著提高马铃薯抗氧化特性，进而提高马铃薯产量，且全膜垄作栽培模式下增产效果最佳。

关键词： 马铃薯;种植模式;抗氧化特性;产量

中图分类号： S532.044 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1000-4440（2021）03-0555-07

Effects of cultivation pattern on physiological characteristics and yield of potatoes planted in southern Ningxia

YANG Qian1， LIU Ji-li2， HE Jin-hong1， CAI Ming1， YANG Ya-ya1， MAN Ben-ju1， YAN Cheng-hong1， WANG Zhi-dan1， WU Na1

（1.College of Agriculture， Ningxia University， Yinchuan 750021， China;2.College of Resources and Environment， Ningxia University， Yinchuan 750021， China）

Abstract： To explore the influence of cultivation pattern on the physiological characteristics and yield of potatoes in the mountainous area of southern Ningxia and determine the best cultivation pattern for potato production in the area， Qingshu No. 9 was used as the test material and single factor experiment with randomized block design was used to do comparative analysis on variation characteristics of antioxidant properties and yield of potatoes under five cultivation patterns such as open field flat cropping （A1）， open field single ridge single row （A2）， open field single ridge double row （A3）， half film single ridge double row （A4） and full film single ridge double row （A5）. The results showed that， ridging and film mulching treatment could effectively reduce the cell membrane permeability， free proline content and malondialdehyde content in potato leaves， the difference of catalase activity in potato leaves between A1， A2 treatments and A3， A4， A5 treatments was significant， while the superoxide dismutase activity showed a significant difference between treatments with and without film covering. The yield of potatoes under A5 treatment was the highest， which was 83.8%， 53.3%， 21.4% and 12.9% higher compared with A1， A2， A3 and A4 treatments， respectively. To sum up， ridging and film mulching treatment can improve the antioxidant characteristics of potato significantly and thus increase the yield， the whole film ridge mode shows the best effect in yield increase.

Key words： potato;cropping pattern;antioxidant property;yield

馬铃薯，茄科草本植物，一年生，富含糖类、蛋白质等多种营养物质，属世界四大粮食作物之一，栽培面积广[1-3]，全世界已有150多个国家或地区种植。宁夏南部山区农业地域辽阔[4-5]，气候冷凉，空气质量优良[6]，是目前宁夏地区马铃薯的主产区。但是，宁南山区干旱少雨，加之马铃薯对水分亏缺及其敏感，致使当地马铃薯生产受限[7-8]。因此，因地制宜地调整和优化马铃薯种植模式，对发展宁夏南部山区马铃薯产业具有重要意义。……