不同生态类群水稻MAGIC群体构建

桂毅杰 陈建民 杨绍华 陈在杰 王锋

摘 要：优异种质的创制是育种工作成败的关键。为扩大水稻亲本遗传多样性，提高重组频率，通过利用育种骨干亲本来构建水稻MAGIC群体。选择了3种典型的水稻生态类群（分别为华南地区早生快发类群Z;长江流域粗秆大穗类群D和太湖流域粳稻类群J）共48份育种骨干亲本，开展各个类群的MAGIC群体构建。结果表明：亲本在特定的环境下的产量相关性状存在显著差异，遗传多态性丰富。采用漏斗式杂交配组的方法开展亲本间和杂交种的半双列杂交，获得了138份两亲本杂交F1组合和96份4亲本杂交F1组合，为接下来的8亲本杂交配组奠定了材料基础，目标是构建3个不同生态类群的水稻MAGIC群体，以期聚合骨干亲本的优势基因来创制水稻优异种质。

关键词：水稻;MAGIC群体;生态群

中图分类号：S 511   文献标志码：A   文章编号：0253-2301（2021）04-0001-08

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.04.001

Construction of Rice MAGIC Population of Different Ecological Groups

GUI Yi-jie， CHEN Jian-min， YANG Shao-hua， CHEN Zai-jie， WANG Feng*

（Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Engineering/Institute of Biotechnology，

Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Fuzhou， Fujian 350003， China）

Abstract： The creation of the excellent germplasm is the key to the success of breeding. In order to expand the genetic diversity of rice and improve the frequency of recombination， the rice MAGIC population was constructed by using the elite breeding lines. A total of 48 breeding backbone parents from 3 typical rice ecological groups were selected to carry out the MAGIC population construction of each group. The results showed that there were significant differences in the yield-related traits among the parents under the specific environment， and the genetic polymorphism was abundant. By using the method of funnel-shaped hybridization， the half diallel crosses between the parents and hybrids was carried out， and 138 two-parent F1 hybridized combinations and 96 four-parent F1 hybridized combinations were obtained， which laid the material foundation for the next eight-parent hybridized combinations. The goal was to construct the rice MAGIC population of 3 different ecological groups， in order to aggregate the superior alleles of the backbone parents to create the excellent rice germplasm.

Key words： Rice; MAGIC population; Ecological group

雜交选育是培育新品种的重要手段。通过两个或多个亲本间的有性杂交产生基因重组，再经过若干世代的性状分离、选择和鉴定，筛选出符合育种目标的新品种[1]。杂交育种在国内外的动植物育种中得到普遍应用且成效显著，从杂交的方式来划分，主要包括单交和多亲本复交。传统的双亲本杂交比较简单且针对单基因控制的质量性状改良效率比较高，被广大育种工作者采用。此外，广泛应用于作图群体，如F2、BC、RIL和DH等QTL定位和基因克隆。单交在带来便捷的同时，也存在缺陷。单交主要受亲本遗传背景的限制，遗传多态性不够丰富，发生重组频率比较低。……