促进山区乡村有机-循环复合农业高质量发展的对策

秦竟 林怡

摘 要：【目的/意义】基于中国人多地少的基本国情，通过大规模发展有机农业以解决无机农业发展带来的系列生态环境问题，受到诸多条件限制。如何激发足够的驱动力来促进其规模形成和持续发展，是当前研究的重要实践命题。【方法/过程】在分析有机农业发展成效与面临挑战的基础上，系统比较有机农业与循环农业之间的侧重点，探讨有机农业在山区大规模发展的先天优势和关键问题，以及对山区乡村振兴发展和农民增收致富的作用。【结果/结论】通过有机农业和循环农业的优势互补，在山区因势利导构建有机-循环复合农业生产体系，可以有效弥补农业绿色发展驱动力的不足;并就战略、政策、科技、人才、推广、服务等6个重要环节提出对策建议，以求为农业高质量发展提供参考与借鉴。

关键词：有机农业;循环农业;复合体系;高质量发展;对策研究

中图分类号：F323.22文献标志码：A文章编号：1637-5617（2021）02-0069-05

Abstract： 【Objective/Meaning】Based on the basic dimension of the Chinese context of large population and limited land， the large-scale development of organic agriculture to solve a series of ecological environmental problems caused by the development of inorganic agriculture was restricted by many conditions. How to stimulate enough driving force to promote its scale formation and the sustainable development was an important practical proposition of the current research.【Methods/Procedures】Based on the analysis of the achievements and challenges in the development process of organic agriculture， the emphases between organic agriculture and circular agriculture were systematically compared， and the innate advantages and key problems of large-scale development of organic agriculture in the mountainous areas were discussed， as well as the role of organic agriculture in the rural vitalization development and the increase of farmers income and prosperity in the mountainous areas. 【Results/Conclusions】Through complementing the advantages of organic agriculture and circular agriculture， the construction of organic-recycling compound agricultural production system in the mountainous areas could effectively make up for the lack of driving force of green agricultural development. And the countermeasures and suggestions were put forward from the six important links， such as strategy， policy， science and technology， talent， promotion and service， thus to provide reference for the high-quality development of agriculture.

Key words： organic agriculture; circular agriculture; compound system; high-quality development; countermeasure research

20世紀初以来，越来越多的人注意到经济高度发展与生态环境保护脱节的问题，尤其是不合理的施用化肥农药致使农田生态系统遭到相当程度的破坏，造成耕地生产能力持续下降，进而危及粮食安全与食品安全。如何解决并扭转由于无机农业快速发展带来的诸多缺失及其引发的一系列生态环境问题，包括有效防控农业面源污染，以及实现乡村废弃物资源化高效循环利用与保障农产品质量等关键环节，已普遍受到世界各国的高度重视与积极应对[1-2]。……