施用含硒有机肥对粉葛产量及硒吸收转运的影响

王艳 杨远宁 王学礼 曹升 欧昆鹏

摘  要：本研究采用隨机区组试验，设置6个处理，研究增施不同量含硒有机肥对粉葛生长、产量及硒在粉葛不同器官中富集状况的变化，探讨增施含硒有机肥对粉葛产量和硒吸收转运的影响。结果表明：随着施肥量的增加，净光合速率先降低后升高，胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）则逐渐递增。施用含硒有机肥均显著提高了粉葛块根中的硒含量，块根硒含量最大值达0.084 mg/kg，比对照处理提高58.49%。藤/块根、芦头/块根中硒的转运系数均有降低，说明随着施肥量的增加，更多的硒被固定在块根中;根际土壤中总硒含量比对照提高6.9%～27.4%，有效态硒含量提高了9.5%～34.8%。施肥均显著提高了商品薯中的硒积累量，各处理分别比对照提高了39.64%、13.73%、29.79%、47.66%和69.95%。综合考虑肥料成本、产量及块根硒积累量等因素，实际生产中施肥量6000 kg/hm2较为合适。综上所述，增施生物有机肥可提高粉葛的光合作用，促进其生长，提高块根产量及硒积累量。研究结果为含硒有机肥调控下粉葛富硒栽培提供了理论参考。

关键词：粉葛;硒;吸收;转运;有机肥

Abstract： A randomized block test with six experimental treatments using no selenium containing organic fertilizer as CK was undertaken to reveal the effect of growth situation， yield and selenium absorption and transportation of Pueraria thomsonii Benth in different fertilization mode. Results showed that net photosynthetic rate first decreased and then increased， intercellular CO2 concentration， transpiration rate and stomatal conductance increased with the increase of fertilizer application. The selenium concentration in the roots of P. thomsonii Benth was significantly increased with applying of selenium containing organic fertilizer， the maximum selenium concentration of root was 0.084 mg·kg-1， which was 58.49% higher than the control. Compared with the control， the transport coefficients of selenium in rattan / tuber and basal part of stem / tuber decreased， more selenium was fixed in the root tuber with the increase of fertilization. The total selenium concentration in rhizosphere soil increased by 6.9%-27.4%， and the available selenium concentration increased by 9.5%-34.8%. The accumulation of selenium in commodity production was significantly increased， compared with the control group， the increase was 39.64%， 13.73%， 29.79%， 47.66% and 69.95%， respectively. Considering fertilizer cost， yield and selenium accumulation in root， fertilizer rate of 6000 kg·hm-2 is suitable in actual production. In a word， the application of bioorganic fertilizer could improve the photosynthesis， promote the growth， and increase the yield of root and the accumulation of selenium. The yield and commodity rate of root tuber were improved with applying selenium containing organic fertilizer. The results would provide a theoretical reference for P. thomsonii Benth Se-enriched cultivation under the regulation of organic fertilizer containing selenium.

Keywords： Pueraria thomsonii Benth; selenium; absorption; transport; organic fertilizer

硒（Se）是人类和动物健康必须的微量元素之一[1]，其营养保健作用包括抗氧化衰老、抗肿瘤以及提高人体免疫力等[2-4]。大量研究表明，大约15%的人硒元素摄入不足[5]，长期缺硒可导致克山病等多种疾病[6-7]。我国大约有72%的县（市）存在不同程度的硒缺乏，其中1/3为严重缺硒区，硒摄取不足人口达3亿以上[8]。但广西属于富硒地区，截止2017年底，广西富硒土壤面积为2.95104 km2，约占全国的1/5，是我国目前地球化学调查圈定的最大面积的连片富硒土壤[9]。……