城市应急物流体系建设研究

顾峰 万玉龙

【摘  要】我国是一个土地广阔、地貌复杂、自然资源丰富的国家，同时也是一个人口众多、居住密集的国家。从统计数据来看，进入21世纪以后，我国每年频繁的重大自然灾害给人民的生命安全和财产带来了巨大的损失。统计资料表明，我国每年因突发事件造成的损失高达GDP的6%。仅汶川地震造成的直接经济损失达到5000亿元人民币，相当于中国GDP的3%。从公共紧急事件方面分析，应急物流决定了救急物资能否及时发送到灾区，决定了在公共事件发生后，为挽救财产和生命的最关键的一步，某种程度上决定了灾区人民的命运。在应对各类突发事件过程中，物资保障的地位和作用突显，应急物流受到越来越广泛的关注。

【Abstract】China is a country with vast land， complex landforms and abundant natural resources， and is also a country with large population and dense residence. From the statistical data， after entering the 21st century， the frequent major natural disasters in our country have brought great losses to the people's life safety and property every year. According to statistics， the annual losses caused by emergencies in China are as high as 6% of GDP. Wenchuan earthquake alone caused direct economic losses of 500 billion yuan， equivalent to 3% of China's GDP. From the aspect of public emergency， emergency logistics determines whether emergency supplies can be sent to the disaster area in time， and determines the most critical step to save property and life after public events. To some extent， it determines the fate of the people in the disaster area. In the process of dealing with all kinds of emergencies， the position and function of material support are prominent， and emergency logistics is paid more and more attention.

【關键词】应急物流;物流信息系统;体系建设

【Keywords】emergency logistics; logistics information system; system construction

【中图分类号】F259.2                                             【文献标志码】A                                                 【文章编号】1673-1069（2021）06-0142-02

1 引言

面对重大突发应急事件如何进行科学高效的应急物资调配供给，从而缓解提高救助时效性，是应急救助体系中极为重要的问题。随着人员的加速流动和经济全球化的发展，近几年突发情况呈现出范围大、传播快、变异复杂的特点。而区域之间经济发展不平衡、医疗水平低下等因素更会使得差异化区域之间应急物流体系出现处理能力有限、配送匹配度低下、时效作用发挥薄弱等问题。因此，构建面向区域疫情的应急物流协同优化体系尤为重要。

2 应急物流

①随着社会的发展，应急物流体系不断成熟，应急物流的流程和作用也在发生改变。……