蒸制鲟鱼肉特征性滋味组分的鉴定

2021-08-09 02:40:31向晨曦钟明慧徐新星刘康汪金林赵元晖
肉类研究 2021年6期

向晨曦 钟明慧 徐新星 刘康 汪金林 赵元晖

摘 要:为明确传统热加工鲟鱼肉特征性滋味组分,对蒸制鲟鱼肉中游离氨基酸、核苷酸、有机酸、甜菜碱及无机离子等滋味组分进行定量分析,并结合滋味活性值、滋味组分减缺、添加及重组实验探究蒸制鲟鱼肉的关键味觉化合物。结果表明:蒸制16 min鲟鱼肉的关键味觉化合物为甘氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、5-一磷酸腺苷、5-一磷酸肌苷、乳酸、琥珀酸、K+、Na+和Cl-;将10 种关键味觉化合物按其天然含量溶解在超纯水中制备简化重组液,简化重组液能够较为完整地复制完全重组液的味道,但与天然提取液相比,在鲜味上仍有所欠缺。

关键词:鲟鱼肉;滋味组分;关键味觉化合物;减缺实验;味道重组;鲜味

Identification of Characteristic Taste Components of Steamed Sturgeon

XIANG Chenxi1, ZHONG Minghui1, XU Xinxing1, LIU Kang1, WANG Jinlin2, ZHAO Yuanhui1,*

(1.College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;

2.Quzhou Sturgeon Aquatic Food Technology Development Co. Ltd., Quzhou 324002, China)

Abstract: In order to clarify the characteristic flavor components of traditional heat processed sturgeon meat, free amino acids, nucleotides, organic acids, betaine and inorganic ions in steamed sturgeon meat were quantitatively analyzed by amino acid analyzer, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and the Chinese national standard methods, respectively. The key taste compounds were identified by taste activity value (TAV), taste omission, addition and reconstitution experiments. The results showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, 5-adenosine monophosphate (AMP), 5-inosine monophosphate (IMP), lactic acid, succinic acid, K+, Na+ and Cl- were the key taste compounds in sturgeon meat steamed for 16 min. These compounds were dissolved together in ultrapure water to prepare a taste reconstitute. It was found that the taste of the taste reconstitute was consistent with that of a taste reconstitute consisting of all taste compounds of steamed sturgeon meat, while its umami taste was inferior to that of steamed sturgeon meat.

Keywords: sturgeon meat; taste components; key taste compounds; taste omission test; taste reconstitution; umami

DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210517-136

中圖分类号:TS254.4                                       文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2021)06-0022-06

引文格式:

向晨曦, 钟明慧, 徐新星, 等. 蒸制鲟鱼肉特征性滋味组分的鉴定[J]. 肉类研究, 2021, 35(6): 22-27. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210517-136.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

XIANG Chenxi, ZHONG Minghui, XU Xinxing, et al. Identification of characteristic taste components of steamed sturgeon[J]. Meat Research, 2021, 35(6): 22-27. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210517-136.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

鲟鱼是世界上最大的淡水鱼类,无肌间刺,非常适合于日常加工烹饪[1]。鲟鱼肉营养丰富、蛋白质含量高、氨基酸组成合理,适合各类人群食用,具有广阔的市场前景[2]。熟制后的鲟鱼肉质鲜嫩、味道浓郁,深受消费者的喜爱。

非挥发性风味成分,如游离氨基酸、呈味核苷酸、有机酸、有机碱和无机离子是水产品热加工过程中的滋味来源[3]。Zhang Ninglong等[4]定量分析热加工河豚肉的28 种呈味化合物,并通过感官实验进行验证,发现谷氨酸、5-一磷酸肌苷(5-inosine monophosphate,IMP)、

琥珀酸和K+有助于鲜味感知。蟹酱的味道十分浓郁,经发酵后含有大量的滋味物质,有研究证明,天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸、赖氨酸、IMP和

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