基于ICP-MS的西咸地区水质检测

江永洪

摘 要：针对西咸地区饮用水水质检测困难，金属元素分析方法匮乏的问题，本研究基于ICP-MS分析技术，对该区域的饮用水水质进行了研究。首先，着重分析了ICP-MS的原理，并根据其原理建立了金属元素分析方法，包括样品的前处理、标准曲线选择、参数优化设置等，为后续试验奠定了基础。然后，根据建立的ICP-MS检测方法，对西安和咸阳两个地区的水样分别进行了试验，得到试验水质中不同金属元素的分布情况及金属元素之间相关性。试验结果表明，西咸地区的饮用水样品中大部分金属元素浓度符合我国国家水质标准，只有个别金属元素超出了我国国家水质标准规定范围。此外，这两个地区的金属元素分布具有相似性，且元素之间普遍存在相关性。同时，这两个地区的金属元素也存在差异性。

关键词：ICP-MS;水质检测;饮用水;金属元素

中图分类号：TX832 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-5922（2021）06-0035-04

Abstract：In view of the difficulty of drinking water quality detection and the shortage of metal element analysis methods in Xixian region， the drinking water quality in this region was studied based on ICP-MS analysis technology. Firstly， the principle of ICP-MS is analyzed emphatically， and the analytical methods of various metal elements are established according to its principle， including sample pretreatment， standard curve selection， parameter optimization and so on， which laid the foundation for subsequent experiments. Then， according to the established ICP-MS method， water samples from Xian and Xianyang were tested， and the distribution and correlation of metal elements in water quality were obtained. The results showed that the concentrations of most metal elements in drinking water samples from Xixian region were in line with the national water quality standards， and only some metal elements exceeded the limits of the national water quality standards. In addition， the distribution of metal elements in the two areas is similar， and there is a general correlation between the elements. At the same time， there are differences in the metal elements between the two regions.

Key words：ICP-MS; water quality detection; drinking water; metal elements

饮用水作为人类赖以生存的宝贵资源，在工业快速发展的今天，它的污染问题日益严重，尤其是重金属污染，已成为饮用水最主要的污染物。重金属元素由于其本身具有毒性且不易被分解，因此当它通过饮用水进入人体后，容易堆积在人体的循环系统和脂肪组织中，破坏人体的分泌系统和神经系统，对人体造成危害。如人体接触As可能引起皮肤损伤，诱发皮肤癌[1];人体长期饮用富含Mn元素的水质可能导致神经系统疾病[2]等。虽然饮用水重金属污染问题已受到社会各界的广泛关注，但由于饮水检测技术受限，某些地区的检测措施还不够完善。……