PA6/纳米二氧化硅复合薄膜制备及力学性能

田银彩 秦谦

摘 要：为了提高PA6纳米纤维薄膜的力学性能，以纳米二氧化硅为增强填料，配制PA6的甲酸溶液，采用静电纺丝法制备PA6/纳米二氧化硅薄膜，研究不同纳米二氧化硅添加量对复合薄膜的表面形貌、晶体结构、热行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明：纳米二氧化硅含量较低时在纤维中分散均匀，纤维表面光滑，而含量高时，发生团聚现象，纤维表面粗糙;纳米二氧化硅的添加诱导PA6由γ晶型向α晶型转变，且除了在223 ℃出现熔融峰外在230 ℃附近还出现肩缝;随着纳米二氧化硅含量的增加，PA6/纳米二氧化硅薄膜的结晶温度先升高后降低;与纯PA6薄膜相比，当纳米二氧化硅质量分数为0.5%时，拉伸强度和弹性模量分别增加了4.35倍和4.82倍。

关键词：PA6;纳米二氧化硅;静电纺;力学性能

中图分类号：TQ323.6 文献标志码：A

文章编号：1009-265X（2021）04-0008-04

Abstract： PA6 formic acid solution was prepared by using nano-silica as the reinforcing filler in order to improve the mechanical properties of PA6 nano-fiber film. PA6/nano-silica films were prepared by electrospinning method to study the effect of different nano-silica amount on the surface morphology， crystal structure， thermal behavior and mechanical properties. The results show that when the content of nano-silica was low， it was evenly dispersed in the fiber， and the surface of the fiber was smooth. When the content was high， the agglomeration phenomenon occurred， and the surface of the fiber was rough. The addition of nano-silica induced the transition of PA6 from γ crystal form to α crystal form， and there was also a shoulder peak near 230 ℃， except the melting peak at 223 ℃. The crystallization temperature of PA6/nano-silica film increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nano-silica content. Compared with pure PA6 film， when the mass fraction of nano-silica was 0.5%， the tensile strength and elastic modulus increased by 4.35 times and 4.82 times， respectively.

Key words： PA6; nano-silica; electrostatic spinning; mechanical properties

靜电纺丝法由于具有成本低、工艺简单，是目前制备微纳米纤维最有效、最简单的方法之一[1-2]。而获得的微纳米纤维膜由于具有空隙率高、比表面积大，易于与聚合物界面产生交互作用，因此，可以作为理想的增强体[3]。

PA6作为重要的工程塑料之一，具有良好的化学稳定性、耐热性、静电纺时易于成纤，且纤维直径小，为静电纺PA6纳米纤维作为增强体提供保障[4-6]。而单纯静电纺制备的纳米纤维膜的力学性能仍有较大提升空间。因此，采用纳米材料作为增强体制备PA6纳米纤维膜成为重要的研究方向[7-8]。

由于其粒径很小，比表面积大，化学纯度高、分散性能好、优越的稳定性、补强性等[9-11]，使其在众多学科及领域内独具特性，有着不可取代的作用。……